П. В. Матренин Введение в кроссплатформенное программирование на С++ в Qt Методические указания Москва Издательство Нобель Пресс УДК 62-63 ББК 30.6 П11 П11 П. В. Матренин Введение в кроссплатформенное программирование на С++ в Qt: Методические указания / П. В. Матренин – М.: Lennex Corp, — Подготовка макета: Издательство Нобель Пресс, 2013. – 55 с. ISBN 978-5-518-40395-6 Рассмотренные в методическом пособии теоретические положения и учебные примеры позволяют студентам быстро освоить технологию создания программных продуктов в среде Qt 4 на языке С++. Qt является кроссплатформенным инструментом разработки программного обеспечения любой сложности, которое будет работать во всех основных операционных системах (Windows, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux, системы для мобильных устройств и встраиваемые системы) без изменения исходного кода. Qt используется в AMD, Disney, Google, HP, KDE, Oracle, Siemens, Skype, Sumsung и др. В пособии рассмотрены особенности Qt, дан обзор IDE Qt Creator и приведены два учебных примера, в которых подробно, по шагам описан процесс создания приложений с графическим интерфейсом пользователя, механизм сигналов и слотов, работа с текстовыми файлами, создание интерфейсов в визуальном дизайнере и процесс интернационализации приложений. Приведены исходные коды с комментариями и пояснениями. ISBN 978-5-518-40395-6 © Издательство Нобель Пресс, 2013 © П. В. Матренин, 2013 Ɉɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ɉɛɳɢɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ«««««««««««««««««5 ɐɟɥɶɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬ................................................ 5 Ɍɟɦɵɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬ............................................... 5 ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹQt ....................................... 6 Ɉɛɡɨɪɫɪɟɞɵɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ««««««««««««««7 Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨɫ4Wɫɢɝɧɚɥɵɢɫɥɨɬɵ.................................. 7 ɁɚɩɭɫɤɫɢɫɬɟɦɵQt Creator............................................. 10 Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɣɨɛɡɨɪ4W&UHDWRU ............................................... 11 ɉɚɧɟɥɢɜɵɜɨɞɚ ......................................................... 12 ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɫɟɫɫɢɹɦɢɜ4W&UHDWRU ......................... 13 ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹɫɩɪɚɜɤɢɩɨ4W ..................................... 13 ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹɫ4W'HVLJQHU ....................................... 14 Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ................................................... 15 ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɜ4W&UHDWRU ...................................... 19 ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ....................................... 19 ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɢɦɟɧɢɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɢɟɝɨɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ....... 20 ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɤɥɚɫɫɟ ............................. 20 Ɉɬɥɚɞɤɚɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ4W&UHDWRU ..................................... 21 ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ .................................................................. 21 ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɫɨɬɥɚɞɱɢɤɨɦ .............................. 21 Ɍɨɱɤɢɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ........................................................ 21 ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ............................................................. 22 ɋɬɟɤ .......................................................................... 23 ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɢɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ...................................... 23 ȾɢɡɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪɢɊɟɝɢɫɬɪɵ ...................................... 25 ɉɨɬɨɤɢ...................................................................... 25 ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɫɪɟɞɵ ............................................................ 25 Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹɪɚɛɨɬɚʋ«««««««««««««26 Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɟɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ .. 26 ɇɚɱɚɥɨɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ............... 26 ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟɮɚɣɥɵpro ............................................ 28 Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɤɥɚɫɫɚɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɨɤɧɚ ............................. 29 Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɨɤɧɚ ................................... 31 Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ................................................. 31 Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɫɥɨɬɨɜ................................................... 32 ɂɤɨɧɤɚɢɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ................................................... 33 3 Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ .................................................................. 35 ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦɟɧɸ ........................................................ 37 ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɩɚɧɟɥɢɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ .......................... 37 ɋɬɪɨɤɚɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ .................................................. 38 3.1.12ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ...................... 38 Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢɞɥɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɮɚɣɥɚɦɢ .......................... 39 Ɂɚɩɭɫɤɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ............................................... 41 Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ..................................... 44 Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ .................................................................................... 44 Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɚɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ............................................. 45 ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤɨɛɯɨɞɚɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ .................................... 47 ɋɢɝɧɚɥɵɢɫɥɨɬɵɉɪɟɞɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ .......................... 48 ɋɜɹɡɶɤɥɚɫɫɚɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɨɤɧɚɢɟɝɨɮɨɪɦɵ ............. 50 ɂɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ...................... 51 Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ«««««««««««««««««««54 ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ«««««««««««««««««55 ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ««««««««««««««««««56 4 1. Ɉɛɳɢɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɐɟɥɶɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ 4W (Qt SDK, Qt Creator) ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɟɦɵɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ 4W Qt 4.x ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ QtCreator 2.x ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɦɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɪɚɛɨɬɭɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɤɥɚɫɫɚ Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɦɨɪɮɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜɜɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ȼɵɜɨɞɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɢɫɩɢɫɤɚɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɤɥɚɫɫɚɜɮɚɣɥɢɢɯɜɜɨɞ ɢɡ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɲɚɛɥɨɧɨɜɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɈɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɉɪɢ ɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ >±@ ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦ ʋ ɢ ɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ [6±[email protected]ɢɤɨɧɫɩɟɤɬɥɟɤɰɢɣ 5 1.3. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹQt Qt ± ɷɬɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. Qt ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɗɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɸɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Qt ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɉɈ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ɉɋ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ Ɉɋ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɚ ȼɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ 6 2. Ɉɛɡɨɪɫɪɟɞɵɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨɫ4tɫɢɝɧɚɥɵɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢQt SDK ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨɣɜɟɪɫɢɢɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɭɸɈɋ ɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɣɬɢɜɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ>-5]. ɉɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶɤɡɚɩɭɫɤɭ4W&UHDWRU ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ 4W ɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ>@ɝɥɚɜɵ-ɢɥɢ>@ ɝɥɚɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ 4W ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɚ Meta Object Compiler, MOC). MOC ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ Qt ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɦɢ C++. MOC ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɹɡɵɤ C++ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ. ɉɪɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ 02& ɢɳɟɬ ɜ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɚɯ ɧɚ & ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ Q_OBJECT ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɧɚ & ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɦɟɬɚɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɵɣɤɨɞɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɞɥɹɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ. ȼ 4W ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɤɥɚɫɫ QObject ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ QObject ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɥɨɬɨɜ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɈɈɉ ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɟɤɰɢɹɯ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɥɨɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ 4W ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɹɡɵɤ C++ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɩɨɞ ɈɈɉ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ > ɝɥɚɜɚ @ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɥɭɱɲɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɈɈɉɱɟɦɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨɜɵɡɨɜɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣɜ:LQGRZs API. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɟɫɬɶɷɤɪɚɧɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɫɤɧɨɩɤɚɦɢɢɩɨɥɹɦɢɜɵɜɨɞɚɢ ɬɞ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ȻȾ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɢ ɬɩ ɈɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɩɨɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɈɈɉɮɨɪɦɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɵɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɥɨɝɢɤɭ, ɜɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɛɟɡ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜɫɥɨɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɤɚɤ ɱɥɟɧ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɤɨɞɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɦɟɬɶɞɨɫɬɭɩɤɮɨɪɦɟɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɩɨɥɹɦɜɵɜɨɞɚ" ȼ ɟɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɮɨɪɦɵ ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɜɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɛɵ 7 ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɬɟɫɧɨɩɟɪɟɩɥɟɬɟɧɵɬɨɟɫɬɶɫɜɹɡɶɦɟɠɞɭɧɢɦɢɛɵɥɚɛɵ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨ ɛɵ ɢɡ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢȺɟɫɥɢɤɨɞɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨɤɥɚɫɫɚɢɤɥɚɫɫɚɮɨɪɦɵɩɢɲɭɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɵ" ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ" ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɢ ɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɥɨɬɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɈɈɉ ©Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɨɫɵɥɚɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹª ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ± ɷɬɨ ɩɨɫɵɥɤɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɚɫɥɨɬ± ɷɬɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜɁɜɨɧɨɤɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚ± ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɡɜɨɧɨɤ ± ɷɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɬ ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɫɥɨɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɩɪɢɱɟɦɨɛɴɟɤɬɜɵɫɵɥɚɸɳɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɧɢɱɟɝɨɧɟɡɧɚɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɤɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ± ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɫɥɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɬɨɞ sender() ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ-ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜɵɡɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɚ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɫɥɨɬɵɨɱɟɧɶɩɨɯɨɠɢɧɚɨɛɵɱɧɵɟɦɟɬɨɞɵɤɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɢɝɧɚɥɫɨɫɥɨɬɨɦɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜɢɫɥɨɬɨɜ - ɤɫɢɝɧɚɥɭɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɥɨɬɨɜ - ɫɥɨɬɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɤɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦ - ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣɧɨɧɟɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ - ɫɜɹɡɶɦɨɠɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɢɪɚɡɨɪɜɚɬɶɜɥɸɛɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ - ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɫɥɨɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɟɫɥɢ ɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɱɟɦ ɭ ɫɥɨɬɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɭɞɭɬɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ - ɩɪɢɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɢɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɜɫɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɧɢɦɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɵɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹɨɬɥɢɲɧɢɯɫɜɹɡɟɣɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɯ 8 ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬ ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɨɜɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɷɬɨɬɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɛɭɞɟɬɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɧɢɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧ Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɨɫɵɥɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵɧɟɫɭɳɢɟɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɜɜɢɞɟɰɟɥɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɚ, ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶɤɥɚɫɫɵɞɥɹɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɥɚ ɛɵ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɧɟɛɵɥɢɛɵɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɧɢɱɟɦɤɪɨɦɟɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜɢɫɥɨɬɨɜ Ʉɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɚɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ class MySender : public QObject { Q_OBJECTɦɚɤɪɨɫO_OBJECT ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɞɥɹɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵɢɫɥɨɬɵ public: void sendSignal(int x); signals: void signal1(const int); }; void MySender:: sendSignal(int x) { emit signal1(x);//emit ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɜɵɫɥɚɬɶɫɢɝɧɚɥ } ɤɨɞ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ: class MyReceiver : public QObject { Q_OBJECT public slots: void slot1(int x); }; void MyReceiver::slot1(int x) { qDebug()<<x<<sender()->objectName(); //qDebug ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɩɪɢɨɬɥɚɞɤɟ } ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɤɨɞɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɞɥɹɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢɫɜɹɡɢ int main() { MySender *sender = new MySender(); MyReceiver *receiver = new MyReceiver(); seneder->setObjectName("sender"); sender->sendSignal(10); ɫɢɝɧɚɥɧɟɛɭɞɟɬɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɬɚɤɤɚɤɟɳɟɧɟɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ QObject::connect(sender,SIGNAL(signal1(int)), receiver,SLOT(slot1(int))); sender->sendSignal(100); ɜɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɟɛɭɞɟɬɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɨsender1" QObject::disconnect(sender,SIGNAL(signal1(int)), receiver,SLOT(slot1(int))); sender->sendSignal(100); ɫɢɝɧɚɥɧɟɛɭɞɟɬɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɬɚɤɤɚɤɭɠɟɧɟɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ return 0; } 9 ɜ ȼ ɤɨɞɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɧɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɧɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ Ʉ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɤɨɞɟɟɟɛɟɪɟɬɧɚɫɟɛɹMOC. 2.2. Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Qt Creator ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ Qt Creator ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ± ɧɚɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɫɬɨɥɟɞɜɚɠɞɵɳɟɥɤɧɢɬɟɡɧɚɱɨɤQt Creator; ± ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɩɭɧɤɬɦɟɧɸɉɭɫɤ o ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ o Qt Creator by Nokia o Qt Creator; ± ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɩɭɧɤɬɦɟɧɸɉɭɫɤo ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɚɡɚɬɟɦɜɜɟɞɢɬɟ qt creator; ± ɜ ɩɚɩɤɟ Qt\qtcreator-x.x.x\bin ɢɥɢ QtSDK\QtCreator\bin ɞɜɚɠɞɵɳɟɥɤɧɢɬɟɮɚɣɥ qtcreator.exe. ȼ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ 4W &UHDWRU ɭɩɪɨɳɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨɧɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯɪɟɫɭɪɫɚCrossplatform.ru. 4W&UHDWRUɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɱɢɫɥɨɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ: - ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɜɢɝɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɞɚ; - ɦɚɫɬɟɪ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɲɚɛɥɨɧɵ - ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɜQt Creatorɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨɛɵɫɬɪɨɩɟɪɟɣɬɢɤɫɩɪɚɜɤɟ - ɮɨɪɦɵ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɭQt Designer; - ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɥɚɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɤ *18 V\PEROLF GHEXJJHU *'% ɢ Microsoft Console Debugger (CDB); - Qt SDK ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜɫɟɛɹɭɬɢɥɢɬɵɞɥɹɛɵɫɬɪɨɣɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ 10 2.3. Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ4W&UHDWRU ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɡɨɪɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ [1]. ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɫɧɢɦɨɤɷɤɪɚɧɚQt Creator ɜɪɟɠɢɦɟɉɪɚɜɤɚ. Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ȼ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɹɯ Qt Creator ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɤɪɢɧɲɨɬɵ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɣ ɜ ɜɟɪɫɢɹɯ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɦɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɧɟɬɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹQt 4 ɢQt Creator 2). Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ± ɈɤɧɨQt Creator ȼ Qt Creator ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: ɇɚɱɚɥɨ, Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɉɪɚɜɤɚ), ȾɢɡɚɣɧɈɬɥɚɞɤɚ, ɉɪɨɟɤɬɵ, Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡȼɵɜɨɞ ɢɋɩɪɚɜɤɚ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨ Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɢɟ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨɩɟɪɟɣɬɢɤɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦ Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɉɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɤɨɞɨɜȻɨɤɨɜɚɹɩɚɧɟɥɶɫɥɟɜɚɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɹ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɜɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɛɡɨɪɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɢɬɞ Ⱦɢɡɚɣɧ Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ 11 Ɉɬɥɚɞɤɚ. ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɉɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɉɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜɜɤɥɸɱɚɹɜɵɛɨɪɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɬɢɩɚɫɛɨɪɤɢɢɩɪɨɱɟɟ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ. ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɞɥɹɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɋɩɪɚɜɤɚɉɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɜɫɸɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸɩɨɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɦQt ɢQt Creator. 2.3.1 ɉɚɧɟɥɢɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɉɚɧɟɥɶɡɚɞɚɱɜ4W&UHDWRUɦɨɠɟɬɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶɨɞɧɭɢɡɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ ȼɵɜɨɞ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ȼɵɜɨɞ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ȼɵɜɨɞ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ Ʉɨɧɫɨɥɶ ɫɛɨɪɤɢɗɬɢɩɚɧɟɥɢɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɜɨɜɫɟɯɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ȼɵɜɨɞ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ) ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ. ɇɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɵ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɧɟɥɶɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ± ȼɵɜɨɞɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɉɚɧɟɥɶ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɩɨɢɫɤɚɜɮɚɣɥɟɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟɢɥɢɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ± Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ȼɵɜɨɞ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɩɪɢɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢɢɨɬɥɚɞɨɱɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. 12
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