Modélisation et simulation de paramètres critiques de la première station du spectromètre dimuons d’ALICE David Guez To cite this version: David Guez. Modélisation et simulation de paramètres critiques de la première station du spectromètre dimuons d’ALICE. Physique Nucléaire Théorique [nucl-th]. Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. Français. �tel-00006047� HAL Id: tel-00006047 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006047 Submitted on 10 May 2004 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. 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Description générale î Í î Í+¶³J±¾ ½T»´$ÂG²#¾0³ªÍÍ(Í(ÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍ(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í î Í ï Í «{(×g¿À¼ÑiÀ½ Õ »kÀ±Ø2¼M\ÂM½Ù¿»¾0³¼ ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍ(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í î Í;ñTÍ òk¾0±ÑiÀ?ÂG²#¾0³i$ÂM°$̾0¿#»TÂG²#¾0³½T» Õ Ù×½kÀ³T¼¿¼c´¾¿#¿#²¼G²¾0³¼^½b¬;²¾0³¼c¿#¾»±G½¼$ÍÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í î Í;ñTÍ î ÍóÙ°$¾0Ñ!°$±²#]½T¼M´¾0¿¿#²#¼²#¾0³T¼ ÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍ(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í î Í;ñTÍ ï Íóô ´°$³kÀ±²#¾½>¬~°$Ì0¾¿#»TÂG²#¾0³F½»¼ÔI¼ÂGÒÑ!`À?¯±GÒ$¼M¿#À´¾0¿¿#²#¼²#¾0³ Í(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í î Í~ãÍXô ²Ã0³kÀ?ÂG»±G$¼j½» Õ Ù×õÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍ(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í î Í~ãÍ î Í÷«{¼M½²Ýs°±³JÂ$¼M¼²#Ã0³À?»±¼j¯±¾0¯s¾¼G°$¼ÛÍ(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í î Í~ãÍ ï Í÷«tÀ!¯±¾ ½T»´$ÂG²#¾0³½º2»kÀ±Ø¾0³T²À´¾0Ñ!Ñ4/¼G²#ókÀ?»T±G_¯kÀ±O²´»¿²#Ò±]½» Õ Ù(×Í Íî è Í Ó/°\Â$´$²¾0³½¼MÑ4°$¼G¾0³T¼M¿¾0»±½¼jÚ±À=̱G¼M¿#$»±c½°$´±G¾²#¼G¼GÀ³´$¿¯TÂG¾0³²#º2»XÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í î Í;íTÍXù,$¼G»±¼\® ¯s°$±G²Ñ4$³2ÂÀ¿#$¼c½»FÂ|À» ®½¯±G¾I½»´\²#¾³½T¼jº2»kÀ±GØ?¾0³²#ÀFÍ(Í(ÍÍÍ(ÍÍ(Í 1. 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Prises de données au PS du CERN ã 2 7. Conclusions générales 151 A. Rapidité et pseudo-rapidité 155 B. Format des fichiers de configurations électroniques 157 è í Première partie . Description générale ö 1. Cadre physique 1.1. 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t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t Déplacement t t t t t t t Paramètre d’impact b Participants Spectateurs Axe de la collision ` î Í;ñTÍÖQ·^³J±GÀ¿#²Â°@×À±GÀÑ!Ò$±]½>¬~²#Ñ!¯kÀ´\Âj½>¬;»T³´¾0¿¿#²#¼²#¾0³bÍ ¯kÀ±z±GÀ¯¯9¾0±ÂÚ]¿¬;Àp® ^½^¿À±°=À´\²¾0³QÆ\Í?¸g³Ñ!¼G»T±À³JÂg¿@¬;°$³±Ã0²# ½H´$¼z¯À±ÂG²#´»T¿#¼o³¾0³½°\ÌI²#°$¼¹ ²#¿$¼Â(¯9¾0¼G¼²#Ï¿½>¬~¼ÂG²#Ñ!±]¿³¾0Ñ`ϱG½³2»´$¿#°$¾0³¼_¯kÀ±O²´²#¯ÀE³J¼¹ N = A − E /E ¾ A ¼Â ¿#³¾ÑϱGÂG¾Â|À?¿^½³2»´$¿#°$¾0³¼½¿À,´¾0¿¿#²#¼²#¾0³K$ E ¿@¬;°$³±Ã0²#4¯kÀ±³2»´$¿#°¾³>ÍD·^$ÂÂFº2»kÀ³J²° ¯s$»T \±G ±G¿²#°$¹Úe¯kÀ?±Â²±4½b¬;»³Ñ4¾I½Ò¿F½Ù_¿À»TÏs$±¹À» ¯kÀ?±ÀÑ!Ò$ÂG±G½>¬;²Ñ4¯À´$ ~b ;í ÍvÓ]À³¼ ´$ÂÂ/À¯¯±¾ ´|Ð?¹ ¿#À_½³¼²ÂG°/½M¯±G¾ÏkÀϲ¿#²ÂG°H½M±G¾»TÌ0$±v»³4³2»´¿°¾0³4¯kÀ±°¿#°$Ñ4$³JÂ^½jÌ0¾¿#»Ñ!j¼Â »T²¿#²#¼°_¯9¾0»±c$¼Â²Ñ4$±c¿À¯±¾0ÏkÀϲ¿#²Â°/½T(±°=À´\²¾0³>ÍQ«{Ã0±À¯Tв#º2» î Í~ã!Ñ4¾0³JÂG±G_¿À±¿Àp²#¾³À²#³T¼G² ¾0ÏTÂ$³2»i$³2ÂG±G N \Â`¿!¯À±ÀÑ!Ò$ÂG±G!½>¬~²#Ñ!¯kÀ´$ b ¹d¾0ÏTÂG³2»¼`¯À±»T³&Ñ!¾ ½Ò$¿#½Ù¿#À»Ï9±$¹{À²#³T¼G² ºI»T¯kÀ?±c¼G²#Ñ`»¿À?ÂG²#¾0³bÍ 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Scénario d’évolution du système après la collision µtÌ?À³J½>¬~³JÂG±G±¯¿#»¼d³`½°$ÂÀ²#¿2½kÀ³T¼¿Àj½$¼G´±²#¯TÂG²#¾0³½¼o¯Ð°$³¾0Ñ!Ò³$¼z¼Gv¯±G¾I½»²¼À³JÂÀ»`Ñ!¾0Ñ!³J ½¿#À´¾0¿¿#²#¼²#¾0³b¹ »³F¼´°³À±G²¾4½>¬~°$̾0¿#» ²#¾³½T»,¼OÔ ¼OÂÒ$Ñ4¼OÂ/¯T±G°¼³J°(²#´$²Í «tÀ á Ã0»±G î Íè¼G´|а$ÑiÀp²#¼^»³½T²ÀÃ0±GÀÑ!Ñ4g$¼G¯kÀ´$\ËÂÑ!¯¼z¾ ½°$¼G²Ã0³^¿vÂGÑ!¯¼¯±¾0¯±HÀ¯±Ò¼o¿À ´$¾0¿#¿²#¼G²¾0³>¹Î½kÀ³T¼¿c±G°\Áy°±G$³J²#$¿k½»!´³JÂG±GM½jÑiÀ¼¼G?Í2Ó]À³¼D´\ÂGτÂG á û±G?¹J¼G¾0³J½°´$±G²Â¼D½²Ýb°$±G$³2ÂG¼ °\Â|À¯9¼$¹0¼G°$¯kÀ±G°$¼¯kÀ±g½$¼DÐ2ÔI¯9±Ïs¾0¿¼g´$¾0±G±¼G¯9¾0³½À³JÂ^Ú_½$¼zÂ$Ñ4¯¼D¯±¾0¯±¼ τ ´¾0³T¼Â|À?³2ÂG¼D½° á ³T²#¼ Åy³»³²ÂG° c = 1Æ^¯kÀ± τ 2 = t2 − z 2 ⇒ t = √ z2 + τ 2 î ÍMµ»÷ÂG¾0»T½°$Ï»TÂe½X¿À ´¾¿#¿#²¼G²¾0³ ů9¾0»± τ î ÁyÑ?´SÆÉ¹_¿#$¼³¾0Ñϱ»¼¼e´¾0¿¿#²#¼²#¾0³T¼ ¯kÀ±8Ë ÂG¾0³ ?¯À±ÂG¾0³ Ú&ÐÀ»T °³$±GÃ0² ½¾0³T³³JÂF¿#²»Ú&¿ÀK´±G°À?²¾0³ ½,¯kÀ²±G¼i½ º2»kÀ±Ø2¼(À³JÂG²Ë îè τ ~20 fm/c z τ ~10 fm/c τ ~5 fm/c Freeze out Gaz de Hadrons Phase mixte QGP Pré−équilibre τ <1 fm/c τ =0 t O î Íè ÍÖkÓ/²#ÀÃ0±À?Ñ4Ñ!/²½°=À¿²#¼OÂM½>¬;$¼G¯kÀ?´ÂÑ!¯¼c½°$´±²Ì?À³JÂc¿#$¼c°$ÂÀ¯s$¼c½_¿¬~°$̾0¿#» ²#¾³½»F¼ÔI¼OË ÂÒ$Ñ4HÀ¯±GÒ$¼g¿ÀM´¾0¿¿#²#¼²#¾0³bÍΫt$¼zÂ$Ñ4¯¼½¾0³³°$¼g¼G¾0³JÂg½T¼g¾0±½±G$¼z½cÃ0±GÀ³½$»±z½$¼zÂÑ!¯¼ ½_±GÀ³¼²Â²¾0³>Í 2º »kÀ±GØ2¼$¹k½¾0³JÂj»³F´$±Â|À?²#³F³¾0ÑÏT±G]½_¯À²#±¼ cc̄ \ bb̄ ¹½>¬;À»TÂÀ³JÂj¯¿#»¼^³¾0Ñϱ»¼¼jº2»¿À ½³T¼G²ÂG°½>¬;°$³±Ã0²#$¼ÂM²#Ñ!¯s¾±Â|À?³2ÂGÍ ï Íj«g¬;°$³±Ã0²#½°¯9¾0¼G°$$Â]¿#¼M³¾0Ñ`ϱG$» ®R¯À±ÂG¾0³¼Áy¾±GÑ!°¼M¿#¾0±¼½`¿À4¯T±GÑ!²#Ò$±G(¯ÐkÀ¼´±°$³2 ¿#$¼M´$¾0³½²Â²¾0³¼H¯9¾0»±jº2»¿À¯ÐÀ¼G(½ Õ Ù(×À¯¯kÀ±GÀ²#¼¼G?Í ñTÍcµÿÑ4$¼G»±(º2»¿#À ¾0³¼$¬;°\³T½ ½kÀ³T¼M¿@¬;$¼G¯kÀ?´¹k$¿#¿]¼G±G\Áy±G¾0²½²Â¹ ¯9±Ñ4\ÂGÂÀ³JÂMÚº2»$¿#º2»$¼ º2»kÀ±GØ2¼g½Áy¾0±GÑ!±o½¼°$Â|Àp¼¿²#°$¼HÅy¯±G¾I´$¼G¼G»T¼g½>¬;ÐÀ½±G¾³²#¼GÀ?²¾0³QÆ\Íε²#³¼²¹Î¯s$³½kÀ³JÂg»T³ÂÑ!¯¼ ½j¿¬~¾0±G½T±Gc½è/ÁyÑ p´¹0¿H¼ÔI¼ÂGÒÑ!¯À¼G¼¯kÀ?±g»³j¯ÐkÀ¼jÑ4²à® ÂG¹0¾ !´$¾ É® ²#¼ÂG³J½¼º2»kÀ±ØI¼ º2»kÀ¼G²àË¿²#ϱ¼cÀ²³¼G²{º2»½$¼ÐÀ½±G¾³¼Í ãÍjʳ(Áy¾0²#¼Mº2»`¿¼OÔI¼ÂÒ$Ñ4`¼Â/¼G"» !¼GÀÑ4Ñ!³JÂÁy±G¾0²½>¹k¿¬~ÐkÀ½±¾0³²¼À?ÂG²#¾0³F¼OÂ_À´|ÐT$Ì0°$Ítì]³,¼Â À¿#¾±G¼c³F¯±°¼³´$`½>¬~»³ÃJÀ _½_ÐkÀ?½±G¾0³T¼M´|ÐÀ»½>¹k¼²#ÒÃ(½T_±G°=À?´$²¾0³¼j³2»´¿°=À²±G$¼c³J±(¿¼ ³¾0ÑÏT±G»T¼G¼M¯kÀ±O²´»¿¼HÁy¾0±Ñ4°$¼¹k¯9³T½kÀ³JÂM»³½»±°(½¿¬~¾0±G½±]½ 10 ÁyÑ ?´Í è Íj¸g³¼G/±$Áy±¾0²#½²¼G¼GÀ³JÂ^$³´¾0±¹I¿#ÃJÀ M½/ÐkÀ?½±G¾0³T¼^¯kÀ¼¼G]½b¬ÀÏ9¾0±½¯kÀ±»³]¯TÐkÀ¼G½Áy± \Ë ¾0»TÂj´|вÑ4²º2»Å´?ÍÀ Í;½F¾ F¿#$¼c²#³JÂ$±À´\²¾0³²#³T°¿À?¼Â²º2»¼c$³2ÂG±GÐkÀ½T±G¾0³¼c´$¼¼G³JÂ|Æ\ÍQµ ´_Ñ!¾?Ë Ñ4$³J¿¬;ÀÏ9¾0³½kÀ³T´i±¿#À?²Ì0!½¼½²Ýb°$±G$³2ÂG¼`ÂÔI¯s$¼½ÐÀ½±G¾³¼³>¬~¼O¯¿#»¼Ñ4¾I½² á °!¯kÀ± ¿#]Ñ!²#¿²#$»4³2»´$¿#°=À?²#±G?Í«{¼c±°=À´\²¾0³¼H°$¿À¼O²#º2»$¼¹$¿#¿¼¹ ¼G_¯9¾0»±¼G»²Ì0³JÂj¯9³½À³JÂj»³ÂÑ!¯¼ ¯¿#»T¼M¿¾0³ÃÍ íTÍcµ/¯±Ò¼z¿gÁy±G É˾0»T´|в#Ñ!²#º2»?¹Î²#³JÂ$±ÌI²#$³2Âo¿#DÁy±G$ $\˾»TÂÂGбÑ4²ºI»T¹Î´Í;ÀTÍ~½>Í?¿#À á ³½¼o±G°À´\Ë Â²¾0³¼H°$¿À¼O²#º2»$¼c³J±_¯kÀ±O²#´$»¿#$¼ÍT«t$¼c½²#¼O±²#Ï»TÂG²#¾0³T¼^³F²Ñ4¯»T¿#¼G²¾0³¼$Âj$³°³$±GÃ0²¼c¼G¾³2 À¿#¾±G¼ á ® °$¼½kÀ³¼_¿ÃJÀ `½ÐkÀ½±¾0³¼!ÅyÑiÀ²¼½T²ÝsÒ±G$³J½´$¿#¿#$¼]½$¼_¯kÀ±ÂG²#´$»¿#$¼_À±G±²Ì?À³J 黼Gº2»>¬;À» ®½T°$Â$´$ÂG»±¼¹9½»ÁÀ?²Âc½$¼½T°´±¾0²#¼¼À³T´¼M³kÀ?ÂG»±G$¿#¿¼c½´$±ÂÀ²#³$¼c¯kÀ±O²#´$»¿#$¼|ÆÉÍ Ó]À³¼´(½²ÀñÀÑ!Ñ4/²#½°À¿#²¼Â?¹¿ÀÂÀ²#¿¿#]½»,¼ÔI¼ÂGÒÑ!Ú $¼Â³2»¿#¿¹k´(º2»²t³(´¾0±±G¼¯s¾³½ °$ÌI²#½$Ñ4Ñ!³J¯kÀ?¼4Ú¿#À±°=À¿²ÂG°i¯ÐJÔI¼G²ºI»TÍDµ/»´¾0»T±G¼½>¬~»t ³=F0´¾0¿¿#²¼G²#¾³+±G°$¿#¿¹o½» ®±°Ã0²¾0³¼½» ¼ÔI¼ÂGÒÑ!¼¾0³JÂv½À³¼D½¼°$ÂÀ¯9¼D½>¬~°$Ì0¾¿#»TÂG²#¾0³½²Ýb°$±G$³2ÂG¹J´$º2»²k²Ñ4¯¿²#º2»vºI»TM½T²Ýs°±G$³J¼¯ÐkÀ?¼G¼ ½» ¼ÔI¼ÂGÒÑ!R´¾I\® ²¼Â$³J½kÀ³¼i¿# Ñ!²#¿²#$»½TR¿ÀK´¾0¿¿#²#¼²#¾0³Üо0»TÂÀ» Ñ!¾0²#³T¼4½kÀ?³¼i¿¼i¯T±GÑ!²#$±G¼ ²#³¼OÂ|À³J¼Æ]Í îí 1.4. Signatures du QGP 1.4.1. Les différentes signatures proposées d× ¾0»±D½°´$¿±D¿À/Áy¾0±ÑiÀp²#¾³½>¬~»³4¼OÔI¼ÂÒ$Ñ4j½kÀ?³¼D»³4°\Â|À?Â Õ Ù×o¹0¿c¼G$»¿QÑ4¾SÔ0$³4É® ²#¼ÂÀ³J´¾0³¼²#¼O ڴ¾0¿¿#´\Â$±¿¼`½T²Ì0$±G¼¼¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿¼(°Ñ!²#¼¼¹d¯»²¼`½>¬;À³kÀ?¿ÔI¼G$±`¿#$»±(³kÀ?»T±Gi\¿»±¼`¯±¾0¯±G²°$ÂG°¼ ´$²#³°$ÑiÀ?ÂG²#º2»$¼¹>$³&±G$´|б´|ÐkÀ³J½À³¼(´¼(²#³ Áy¾0±GÑ4À?²¾0³¼¿À8Ñ!°Ñ!¾0²#±P½!¿¬~°$ÂÀ?½»KÑ4²¿#²#$»R¾ $¿#¿#$¼c¼G¾0³J³°$¼¹9$ÂMº2»>¬~¿#¿¼M¾0³JÂj±À=̱G¼°Í9æo¾»TÂM¿#½°$Ì¿¾0¯¯9Ñ!³JÂÂGа¾±G²#º2»?¹Q½>¬;²³¼ÂG±G»Ñ!³JÂÀpË ÂG²#¾0³K$Â`½>¬À?³kÀ¿ÔI¼i½$¼½¾0³³T°¼`´¾0³¼²#¼O½¾³´Ú½° á ³T²#±¹d´¾¿#¿#$´$ÂG±($» ²#¿²#¼±¿#$¼½²Ýb°$±G$³2ÂG¼ ¾0ÏT¼G±OÌ?ÀÏ¿#$¼j¯s¾0»T±HÔ±G$´|б´|б½¼j¼G²Ã0³kÀ?ÂG»±G$¼j¯s¾0¼¼G²Ï¿#$¼c½>¬;»T³ °$ÂÀ?Âj½ Õ Ù(×dÍ «{Ï»T½>¬~»³`É® ¯s°$±G²#$³´´¾0Ñ!Ñ!_µ]«{¶O·H¸c¹s¼±À!½(¯s¾0» Ì0¾0²±M°\»½T²#±j»³,Ã0±À?³½ ³¾ÑϱG½(¼G²àË Ã0³À» ®($½¿#¼d´¾±G±G°$¿#$±o°\Ì0Ò³TÑ!³JÂg¯kÀ±d°$ÌÒ³$Ñ4$³JÂ=ÍJ«g¬~\® ¯s°$±G²³´$^µ]«{¶O·H¸¼OÂz½¾³´^´$¾0Ñ4¯9¾0¼° ½`¯¿#»¼²#$»±G¼½°$ÂG´$ÂG»±¼¹{½°$½²#°$¼Úi¿¬~¾0ϼ±OÌÀp²#¾³ ½½²Ì0$±G¼/ÂÔI¯9¼_½¯À±ÂG²#´»T¿#¼$Íb«tÀ´$¾0³TÁy±G¾³ Ë ÂÀ?²¾0³½$¼c±G°¼»¿ÂÀ?¼c½T_´¼j½²Ýb°$±G$³2ÂG¼c½°$ÂG´\»T±M¯9±Ñ4\ÂGÂG±À½_´$¾0³³kÀ ±]¿¬~°$ÂÀ?ÂH½»FÑ!²#¿²#»4½ ¿#À´¾0¿¿#²#¼²#¾0³iÀ=Ì0´(»³(Ã0±GÀ³½_¯±°´$²#¼G²¾0³>Í ÊM³´$±OÂ|À²³,³¾ÑϱG_½TÂG±À=Ì?À» ®F¾³2ÂM¯9±Ñ4²¼H½¯±G¾¯s¾0¼±jº2»¿º2»¼M¼G²Ã0³kÀ?ÂG»±G$¼ wø Ö `{{MNu6¡!¢6KMu{£ S6|{N¤N>6Mu{£Z¢6>w¥¦q§¨©£ Ö?¿#$¼oº2»kÀ±Ø2¼g$ÂgÀ?³2ÂG²ËnºI»À±GØ2¼ ´±°°¼j¿¾0±G¼H½T_¿À`´$¾0¿#¿²#¼G²¾0³i¯9» Ì0³JÂjÁy»¼²#¾0³³T±H¯9¾0»±c½¾³³±c»T³¯Tо¾³±G°$¿>¾0»F»³_¯À²#±]½ ¿#$¯T¾0³T¼!Å@Ú±GÀS̱¼(»T³e¯ÐT¾Â¾0³ÌI²#±O»$¿ ÆÖgÅ qq̄ → γ $ qq̄ → γ → l l Æ\Íd·^¼¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿¼$¹ ³¾0³¼G$³¼G²Ï¿#$¼(ÚF¿@¬;²³J±GÀ´$ÂG²#¾0³,Áy¾0±ÂG¹>¼±G¾³2Â(½$¼(ÂG°Ñ!¾0²#³T¼]½²#±´\¼_½¿¬~°$ÂÀ?Â_½»K¯¿#À¼GÑ4Àż$¬;²¿ \® ²#¼OÂ=Æc¿¾0±G¼c½T(¿#À´¾0¿¿#²¼G²#¾³>Í tªT6Nw¢{N£@£ ©¥«©S¬¤1®°¯ MK6± M¯² ¿ÀÂа$¾0±G²4¯±°$̾0²ÂÀ»¼G¼²vº2»4¿#$¼`³¾0Ñ`ϱG$» ®eÃ0¿#»¾³¼ ¯±G°$¼G$³2ÂG¼_½kÀ³¼»³ Õ ÙׯT±G¾I½»²#¼³JÂ=¹9¯kÀ±jÁy»¼²#¾0³>¹Q½$¼]¯kÀ²±G$¼ ss̄ ¹9´`º2»²o½$ÌI±GÀ²Â/À=Ì0¾0²±¯9¾0»± ´¾0³T¼G°º2»$³´`»³(À»Ã0Ñ!³JÂÀ?²¾0³½¿À¯±¾ ½T»´$ÂG²#¾0³F½$¼ÐkÀ?½±G¾0³T¼M°\±GÀ³Ã0$¼ ~ð Í `©£MK6"DSt³MD©¤q¤D´¤D£µ6¥«¯ MwD¬w¢NK¤D¶² ¿#¿_À»±GÀ²ÂcÀ»¼G¼²t¯s¾0»T±c$Ýs$ÂM»³ ½²#Ñ!²#³2»TÂG²#¾0³,½¿ÀÑ4À¼¼G$Ýs´\²Ì0½$¼(º2»kÀ?±GØ2¼Íd·^$´²g¯9¾0»±G±GÀ²Â]À=Ì0¾0²±]¯s¾»±]´¾³¼G°$ºI»T³´$i»³ ½°´À¿À?Ã0̱¼g¿#ÏkÀ¼\# ?¾»`»³°$¿À±Ã0²#¼¼G$Ñ4$³2Âo½$¼z¯²#´$¼½$¼Ñ4À¼G¼¼z½T¼Ñ!°¼¾0³¼dÌ0´\Â$»±GG¼ î Í ·¸±u¥«©S@"DSMK¹6{Duº©£³MN {¤D©£6¢6³w¥«³»¼'>K6@¯u:½ ¾ ©MM¿² ½¼Â±GÀ=ÌÀ?» ® ¯±°½²¼G$³2Â4»³À»TÃ0Ñ4$³JÂ|À?ÂG²#¾0³ ½» ÂÀ» ®X½F¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿¼¯9¾0±ÂG»¼¼!½ ´|ÐkÀ±Ñ4¾0»F½Ï9=À»TÂG°¾0»TÌ0$±ÂG½»FÁÀ²Âc½¿À¼Ñ!²{¿#²#Ï9±O°]½T¼MºI»À±GØ2¼M½kÀ³¼j»³ Õ Ù(À × î0Pî Í z Ö # ¿ 0 ¾ ± ¼ ½ $ ! ¼ $ ´ 0 ¾ # ¿ ¿ # ² ¼ # ² 0 ¾ ³ ( ¼ > ½ ~ ¬ # ² 0 ¾ T ³ ¼ # ¿ 0 ¾ » ± ½ ¼ ¹ ½ ¼ 2 º k » À ± 2 Ø 4 ¼ \  0 à # ¿ » ¾ ³ ¼ ½ F ÐkÀ»  `ÂÁ>«§:6©{w¢{N6± °³$±GÃ0²¯9» Ì0³JG \±G¯±G¾I½»²Â¼D$Â^½¾0³³T±^¿²#$»iÚ(¿À´±G°À?²¾0³!½/Ã0$±GÏ9¼v½/¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿¼/Å é\¼|ÆÉÍ ô ²Q´$¼v¯kÀ?±Â¾³¼g±À=̱G¼³JÂc»³!Ñ!²#¿#²»½À³¼»³M¯ÐkÀ¼ Õ Ù×o¹J²#¿T¼Âv¯±°$ÌI»º2»>¬~²#¿#¼g¯9±½³JÂv»³ Ã0±À?³½º2»kÀ³J²°(½>¬;°$³±Ã0²#¯kÀ?±M²³J±GÀ´$ÂG²#¾0³À=Ì0$´`¿¼j¯kÀ±O¾0³¼j½»,¯¿À?¼GÑ4ÀFűÀ=Ô¾0³³$Ñ4$³2Â/½ Ã0¿#»T¾0³¼|ÆÉÍkÓ]À³T¼´$(´À¼¹k¿]Â|À»I®F½¼é\¼j¾0ϼ±Ì°¼½$ÌI±À?²G $ÂG±G_Áy¾0±OÂÑ!³JÂM½²Ñ4²³I»T¡° îSï Í Ã¿{Ä!"DS{l@K6¹6¬{Dut©£|¥«¯©£ u£¤Duw£ Ö»³´±OÂ|À²³F³¾0Ñϱ_½ Ñ4¾I½Ò$¿#¼$¹s½T¾0³JÂ_´$¿#»²o¯±G¾0¯9¾0¼°¯kÀ±]ù À?¼»²z\Â(ôTÀ?Å ¸è ¹9¯s¾±Â$³JÂ_¼G»±_¿ÂÀ» ® ½¯±¾ ½»T´$²¾0³ ½¼_±°¼¾0³kÀ³´$¼¿#¾»±G½$¼]½¿#À4ÁÀÑ!²#¿¿#½¼ J/Ψ ¾0»½$¼ Υ Í{·^$¼_¯kÀ±ÂG²#´$»¿#$¼/¾0³JÂ_¿@¬;²³2ÂG°Æ± $Â_½ ¯±G°$¼G$³2ÂG±z»T³`±À=Ô¾0³ÁÀ²Ï¿#g\»T³^Ã0±GÀ³½°³T±Gò#D½^¿²À²¼G¾0³_\¼¾0³JÂ=¹Î¯9¾0»±d´¿#ÀT¹S±G$¿À?ÂG²ÌÑ!³J ¯s$»+À?Ýs´\°$¼`¯À±¿#Ñ!²#¿#²»³2»´$¿#°=À?²#±G?Ít«{¼(Ñ4°$´=À³²¼GÑ!¼_½!¯±¾ ½»T´$²¾0³K½´¼¯kÀ±O²#´$»¿#$¼ ½$ÌI±GÀ²#$³2Âo´$¯s$³½kÀ³J' \±v¿#À±GÃ0$Ñ4$³JÂdÀ?Ýb$´$ÂG°¼¯À±o¿@¬;°\Ì0$³2ÂG»¿¿#¯±G°$¼G$³´v½>¬;»T³ Õ Ù(×dÍΫD¬~°$ÂG»½ ½»Â|À» ®]½D¯±G¾I½»´\²¾0³_½D´$¼d¯À±ÂG²#´»T¿#¼{¯9» ÂdÀ²#³¼²Áy¾0»±³²#±b»³D²#³½T²#´=Àp²#¾³]½>¬~»³g±GÀ³¼G²Â²¾0³ ½¯ÐkÀ¼Í ·^ÐkÀ?´»³R½T`´$¼ÂÔI¯9¼]½¼G²Ã0³kÀ?ÂG»±G$¼ÅÀ²#³¼²tºI»T½>¬;À»T±¼$¹s³¾³ °$̾ º2»°$¼_²#´$² Æ^¼G$±Ài°\»½T²#°`½À³¼ ¿@¬;É®T¯9°±²#$³´µ/«{¶O·H¸j¹sÑiÀ?²#¼M¿#`ÏT±À¼]½T²#Ñ»¾³¼¹9º2»²oÁÀ²Â/¿@¬;¾ÏIé$Â/½´\ÂGÂGÂÐÒ$¼G¹bÀ¯s¾»±/Ï» Â_½ ¼$¬;²³2ÂG°±¼G¼±¯¿»¼¯±°´$²#¼G°$Ñ4$³JÂÚ ¿À½±³²#Ò$±G½b¬;$³2ÂG±G$¿#¿#$¼¹d$¯9¾0»±´$¿À $¿#¿#4¼G$±ÀR¯±°¼G$³J° ¯¿»¼c³½°\Â|À²¿>½kÀ³¼j¿#À¼»²ÂGÍ ∗ + − îÎö 1.4.2. La production de quarkonia comme signature particulière du QGP Ó/³T¾0Ñϱ» ®FÂG±À=Ì?À» ®F¯±¾0¯9¾0¼G$³2½>¬~»T²¿#²¼G±^¿ÀÑ4$¼G»±½»ÂÀ» ®½¯±¾ ½T»´$ÂG²#¾0³F½(´$¼¯kÀ?±Â²àË ´»¿¼j´¾0Ñ!Ñ!_¼G²#ókÀ?»T±G_¯9¾0¼G¼²#Ï¿_½¿¬;À¯¯kÀ±²ÂG²#¾0³4½>¬;»T³¯TÐkÀ¼G½¯¿#À¼GÑ4ÀTÍ ×D¿»¼G²»±¼¯±G¾I´$¼G¼»¼F³J±³JÂF½kÀ³¼¿#À&½°\±Ñ4²³kÀ?ÂG²#¾0³½» Â|À» ®½¯±¾ ½T»´$ÂG²#¾0³ ½T»ª´|ÐÀ±GÑ!¾?Ë ³²#»ÑÍs×o¾0»±_´$¾0Ñ!¯±G$³½±G`¿#¼/±G°¼»¿ÂÀ?¼/½´$¼_°$»T½¼_²¿¼OÂ_²#Ñ!¯9¾0±ÂÀ³JÂ/½½T°´±²#±À»¼¼G²z¯±°\Ë ´²#¼°Ñ!³JÂ(º2»4¯9¾0¼¼G²#ÏT¿#¿¬~³T¼GÑ`Ï¿#½$¼¯Tа³¾Ñ4Ò$³¼(²#³T仳âÀ³JÂ(¿#Â|À?» ®½¯±¾ ½»T´$²¾0³½¼ Ñ4°$¼G¾0³¼g¿¾0»±½¼½kÀ?³¼z¿ÀMÑiÀp²#Ò$±GvÐkÀ½±¾0³²#º2»v³¾0±ÑiÀ¿¹pÀ²³¼G²Iº2»c½kÀ³¼»³H°\Ì0³JÂG»¿¿#c¯ÐkÀ?¼GH½ Õ ÙÇ × î ñ ¹ î ãT¹ î è Í?Ó/^³¾ÑϱG$» ®(±GÀSÌ?À»I®ÂGа¾±G²#º2»$¼¾0³J¯s¾0»T±o´$$ÂGÂG^±GÀ²#¼¾0³`°\°^$³J±G$¯±G²¼¯9¾0»± ½°´$±G²#±]´$¼H¯±¾ ´$¼G¼»¼ÍQÓ/À³¼H¿¼^¯À±ÀñÀ¯ÐT¼H¼»²Ì?À³J¼$¹Tº2»$¿#º2»¼cÑ!°´À³²¼GÑ!¼^²Ñ4¯9¾0±OÂ|À³J¼D½ ¯±G¾I½»´\²#¾³½T¼ J/Ψ $Âj½$¼ Υ ¼G¾³2ÂMÉ®T¯9¾0¼°¼Í Production des paires de quarks lourds D« 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Le bras dimuons ^· 4½°$ÂG´$ÂG»±¼O½°$½²#°4Ú,¿#À±´¾³¼ÂG±G»´\²#¾³&½$¼Â±GÀ´$¼`½$¼`Ñ»T¾0³¼`²¼G¼»¼½T¼`½T°´±¾0²#¼¼À³T´¼ ½$¼_Ñ4°$¼G¾0³T¼_¿#¾0»±½¼]½¿#ÀiÁÀÑ!²#¿#¿½¼ $½$¼ Íb×o¾0»T±_±G´$¾0³¼O±G»T²#±G¿¼]ÂG±ÀÎé$´$¾²#±G$¼]½$¼ ¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿¼$¹ ¿]ϱÀ?¼H½²#Ñ`»¾0³¼H$¼Âj´$¾0³¼ÂG²J/Ψ ÂG»°]½>¬~»³F³¼ΥÑÏT¿#_½ î ã`½°$ÂG´$ÂG»±¼j½²#¼¯s¾0¼°¼c½\Ì?À³JÂ=¹ ½kÀ?³¼^\ÂH½$±G±G²Ò±/»³À?²#Ñ4À³JÂ=Í2«{¼H½T²®!¯±Ñ!²#±¼v½T°$Â$´$ÂG»±¼c¼G¾0³JÂH½T¼H´|ÐkÀ?ÑϱG$¼cÚ á ¿#¼^½T¼ÂG²#³°$¼ ÚÑ4$¼G»±±¿#$¼4¯9¾0²³2ÂG¼½F¯kÀ¼G¼GÀÃ0½¼4¯kÀ±O²#´$»¿#$¼Íg«{$¼i½$» ®½±³²#$±G¼$¹½T¼4Ç×· ÅÇM$¼G²#¼O²Ì0 ×g¿ÀpÂF·^ÐkÀ?ÑÏs$±G¼Æ\¹z¼±ÌI²±G¾0³J¯±²#³´$²#¯kÀ¿Ñ!³J½T¼ÔI¼ÂGÒÑ!½T½°´$¿#³T´|ÐÑ!³JÂRб²#Ã0Ã0$¡± ÆÉÍ «g¬;À²#Ñ4À³JÂ^¼±OÂMÚ´¾0»±Ïs$±H¿À(±ÀSé´$ÂG¾0²#±]½$¼c¯kÀ±ÂG²#´$»¿#$¼HÀ á ³½T_¯s$±GÑ!$ÂGÂG±G]½b¬;°\ÌÀ?¿#»$±H¿À`³T¾0±GÑ! ½¿»±_²Ñ4¯»T¿#¼G²¾0³>Ís×À±(À²¿#¿»±¼¹>À á ³e½T!±°½»T²#±G¿#À´¾0³J±²#Ï» ²#¾³½¼(¯kÀ±O²#´$»¿#$¼À»TÂG±G¼º2» ¿¼DÑ»¾0³T¼¹J»³!³¼ÑÏT¿#M½ Ñ»±¼ ½MÑ4À?²ұGc$¼Âv½²#¼¯s¾¼G°MÚ(½T²Ýs°±G$³J¼¯s¾0²³J¼g½»4¼ÔI¼ÂGÒÑ!Í æd¾0»¼g´$¼g°¿°Ñ!³J¼g¼¾0³JÂD½°´$±G²Â¼z¼»´´$²#³´\ÂÑ!³J½kÀ³T¼g´c´|ÐkÀ¯T²Â±¹?$ÂD»³¼G´|ÐT°Ñ4À½TH¿¬~³¼ÑÏT¿# ½»!ϱGÀ¼g½²#Ñ`»¾0³¼g$¼Âv¯±G°$¼G³JÂG°¼»±D¿À á Ã0»± ï Í ï ÍJ«tÀ¯T±GÑ!²#Ò$±Gc¼OÂ|À?ÂG²#¾0³½c±GÀÎé´\¾0ñÀ¯ÐT²#c¼G$±À ¿@¬;¾0Ï2é$Âj½>¬~»³¼G$´$ÂG²#¾0³¼G°$¯kÀ±G°$¹Q¼G¾³,°\»½°\Â|À³JÂM¿¬~¾0ÏIé\Âj½»ÂG±À=Ì?À²#¿b¯±G°$¼G³JÂG°²´²Í 2.2.1. Dipôle du bras dimuons ÊM³À²#Ñ4À³JÂv½¼O²#³T°_Ú`½°\Ì ²±H¿#À(ÂG±ÀÎé$´$¾²#±G½¼c¯À±ÂG²#´»T¿#¼´|ÐkÀ±Ã0°$¼c¼OÂc¯s¾¼G²ÂG²#¾0³T³°]À» ¾0»±v½ ¿#ÀÂG±G¾0²¼G²#Ò$Ñ4_¼OÂ|À?ÂG²#¾0³½(±ÀSé´$ÂG¾0Ã0±GÀ¯Ð²ÍQ«{¼¯±G²³´²¯kÀ¿#$¼j´=À±GÀ´$ÂG°±G²¼ÂG²#º2»¼½(´$Â]À²#Ñ4À³JÂí ïw ¼¾0³J±¯9¾0±ÂG°$¼M½À³¼j¿#]ÂÀÏ¿#À» ï Í î Í Ó/²ÀÑ!Ò$ÂG±G ãȹ öø Ñ ×D±¾Áy¾0³½T»± ã¹;ð ö Ñ ·^ÐkÀÑ!¯¼cÑiÀ?Ã0³°$ÂG²#º2»_³¾Ñ4²³kÀ¿gÅÀ»´³JÂG±GSÆ T¹ ö æ ·^ÐkÀÑ!¯,Ñ4ÀÃ0³°\²ºI»T]²#³J°$Ã0±G° ñTȹ æ_Í;Ñ Ó/²¼G¼G²¯kÀ?ÂG²#¾0³½>¬~°³T±Gò# ñT¹~ãJí!´ ù ï x`y!z{ ï Í î ÍÖQ×g±G²#³T´²#¯À¿#$¼H´=À±GÀ´$ÂG°±²#¼ÂG²#º2»$¼M½T»,½²¯sÞ¿#Í ïð * acceptance: θ = 2° − 9 η = 2.5− 4 * front absorber ≈11λ C +Concrete heavy metal shield (W or Pb) * beam shield θ < 2°, ri = 4cm, r o < 29 cm heavy metal (mainly W) * dipole magnet B=0.7T, Bl = 3 Tm r = 1.9 m * tracking chambers 10 logical planes, high resolution & granularity * hadron absorber ≈11λ Fe * trigger chambers 2 logical planes, ñ low resolution & granularity ï Í ï ÍÖ9ô ´|аÑ4ÀÃ0°³°$±À¿b½»,ÏT±À¼j½²Ñ»¾0³¼ t« À`Ñ!¼»±G]½T»±À=Ô0¾0³½T]´¾0»T±GÏ»±_½¼v±ÀSé´$ÂG¾0²#±¼H½T¼HÑ»T¾0³¼H¿¾0±G¼v½»¯kÀ¼¼ÀÃ0/¯kÀ±^¿/´|ÐkÀ?Ñ4¯ Ñ4ÀÃ0³°\²ºI»T_½¿¬;À²#Ñ4À³JÂ=¹I¯s$±GÑ!$±À½T(½T°$Â$±GÑ!²#³$±j¿À³¾0±Ñ4_½T(¿@¬;²Ñ4¯T»¿#¼²#¾0³4½´¼MÑ»¾³¼Í «tÀÁy¾0±GÑ!_½»´|ÐkÀÑ!¯FÑiÀó°$ÂG²#º2»_¼OÂj¿¿#_º2»¿#$¼c±ÀSé´$ÂG¾0²#±¼c½$¼¯À±ÂG²#´»T¿#¼c¼¾0³JÂM´¾0»±Ïs°$¼ ¼¿#¾³»³T ½²±G´\²¾0³X½¾0³³°$¹³¾0Ñ!Ñ4°$F½kÀ³¼!¿À¼G»²Â½²#±´\²#¾³Ï9³T½²#³ÃTÍv«{¼G´|а$ÑiÀK½¿À á û±G ï Í;ñÑ4¾³2ÂG±G]¿@¬;\Ýb\Âj½»F´|ÐkÀÑ!¯FÑiÀó°$ÂG²#º2»]¼»±j»³FÑ»¾0³F½ î !Ù_n[ú ?´?ÍQì]³Ì0¾0²Âcº2»¿À ¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿³>¬~¼Â`¯kÀ¼(½°$ÌI²°i¼»±(¿¬;Àp® 4³¾Ñ4Ñ!° ³¾³ ËÏ9³½T²#³¬ à KÑ4À²#¼»³T²#º2»Ñ!³J¼G»±(¿¬;Àp® ³¾Ñ4Ñ!° Ïs$³½²³ à 0Íd×À±\®IÂ$³¼G²¾0³>¹d¾0³ À¯T¯s$¿¯T¿À³eÏs$³½²#³Tà ű¼¯>Ío¯T¿À³e³¾0³ ËnÏs$³½²#³TÃ2Æ¿ ¯¿#À³´¾³2ÂG³kÀ?³2¿¬;Àp® _½»FÁÀ²#¼´À»,\Âj¿¬;Àp® Ïs$³½²#³Tà Åy±G$¼G¯>Ík³¾³ ËÏ9³½T²#³Ã2ÆÉÍ 2.2.2. Disposition et description des absorbeurs æd¾0»TÂG¼(¿#¼¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿¼´|ÐkÀ±Ã0°$¼`¼¾0³JÂ`¼»¼G´$¯TÂG²#Ï¿¼`½b¬;²³2ÂG±GÀÃ0²#±À=Ì´i¿¼½²Ýb°$±G³JÂG¼½°\Â$´$Â$»±G¼ ½»,ϱÀ?¼/½²Ñ»¾0³¼$Ís·^¾0Ñ4Ñ!¼G$»¿#¼¿#¼MÑ»¾³¼¼¾0³JÂ]±´|Ð$±G´|а$¼¹{»³,³¼ÑÏ¿`½>¬;Àϼ¾0±GÏ9»T±G¼/$¼Â ½²¼G¯9¾0¼G°¯s¾»±^°$¿#²#Ñ!²#³T±À»Ñ!²#$» ®4¿#¼vÐkÀ½±¾0³¼H\Âc³]¿#À²#¼¼G$±v¯kÀ?¼G¼G$±cº2»]¿#$¼^Ñ»T¾0³¼Í·^ á ¿Â±À?Ã0 $¼Â¯s¾0¼¼G²Ï¿#¯9¾0»±¿#$¼(Ñ`»¾0³¼$¹d´À±²#¿¼_¼G¾0³JÂ\®IÂÆ± Ñ!Ñ!³JÂ`¯9°³T°$±GÀ³J¼Å@Ú²ÂG±G½>¬~\® Ñ!¯¿¹t²#¿¼ ¯9»T̳JÂ^ÂG±À=Ì0$±G¼±¹ ³4Ñ4¾SÔ0$³³?¹ ö ѽM¯¿#¾0Ñ`ÏiÀ=Ì?À³JÂ^½bȬ \±GÀ±Å± $ÂG¼Æ\Í ¸D³4¾0»TÂG±G¹2´$$ÂGÂG/´À±À´ÉË ÂG°±G²¼ÂG²#º2»c\® ¯¿²#º2»j¿#c´|ÐT¾0²®½TM¿#À/Ì0¾0²j½j½°´$±G¾0²¼G¼À?³´MÑ»¾0³T²#º2»c´¾Ñ4Ñ!HÌ0¾0²c½>¬~¾0ϼG$±Ì?À?ÂG²#¾0³ ¯9¾0»±c°\ÌÀ?¿#»$±c¿#¼cÂÀ» ®½T(¯T±G¾I½»´$ÂG²#¾0³F½$¼±°¼¾0³kÀ³´$¼M¿#¾0»T±G½$¼Í ÊM³Ï¿#²³½kÀÃ0?¹s¿`¿¾0³Ã½»RÂG»Ï9ÁÀ²#¼´=À?»>¹s¯9±Ñ4\Â_½Ñ!²#³²Ñ4²¼G$±c¿#ϱ»²Â/½Áy¾0³½²¼G¼»¯±G²³´²àË ¯kÀ?¿#Ñ!³JÂj½$¼j³¾0Ñϱ» ® \ 𠯱G¾I½»²Â¼jÚ¯9$²ÂMÀ³Ã0¿]½kÀ³T¼M¿#À´¾0¿¿#²#¼²#¾0³bÍ µ»&¯¿»¼¯T±GÒ¼(½»KÌ0±OÂÉ®πÅÚ ð F´ÑiÆ]¼Â`¯¿À?´°»³ ÀÏT¼G¾0±Ïs$»±(Áy±¾0³JÂ|À¿D°\»½²°¯s¾0»T±`À=Ì0¾²#±»³ ÁÀ²Ï¿#¿¾0³Ã0»T»±½>¬~²#³JÂ$±À´\²¾0³ λ ¯9±Ñ4\ÂGÂ|À?³2½ÁÀ²#±²#³JÂ$±ÀÃ0²±_¿#$¼¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿¼(ÐkÀ½±¾0³²ºI»T¼ Å π $Z 𠯱G²³´²¯kÀ¿#$Ñ4$³JÂÉÆz$Â^½/¼O¾0¯¯9±v¿#$¼^¯±¾ ½»T²Â¼½]´$¼v²#³JÂ$±À´\²#¾³¼^¿¯¿»¼DÂÞÂ^¯s¾0¼¼G²Ï¿#?Í «{¼^Ñ»¾0³¼c²¼G¼»¼H½_¿@¬;²³2ÂG±GÀ´$ÂG²#¾0³4½_´$¼cÐkÀ½±¾0³¼cÀ=Ì0$´¿¬;ÀϼG¾±GÏ9»±H´$¾0³J±²#Ï»$³JÂ=¹T$³F¯kÀ±ÂG²#?¹TÚ ¿@¬;É®T²¼ÂG³´$H½>¬~»³Ï±G»²Âz½HÁy¾³½´¾0³JÂG²#³2»Å ¼¾Á ÂgÏkÀ´|Ø2Ã0±¾0»³½ ÆdºI»b¬;²¿T¼OÂg³°$´¼¼À²±Gj½H¯T±G³T½±G $³+´¾0Ñ!¯TÂGi¿#¾±G¼`½Ti¿À±G$´¾0³¼O±»´$ÂG²#¾0³ ½$¼Ñ4À¼G¼¼½$¼±G°$¼G¾0³À³´$¼¿#¾0»T±G½$¼Ío«dÀ,¿#¾0³Ã»»±½ ±GÀ½²Àp²#¾³4½$¼H°¿°Ñ!³J¼v¼OÂc´|о0²¼G²#/À»¼¼G²bñÀ³½T/º2»_¯9¾0¼G¼²#Ï¿¯9¾0»±v³]¯kÀ¼^½°Ã0±GÀ½$±^\® ´$¼G¼²Ë ÌÑ!³JÂg¿¬~²#³ Áy¾0±GÑ4À?²¾0³À³Ã»¿À²±G¼G»±¿#¼d±GÀ´$¼z½¼Ñ»¾0³¼¯kÀ±¿¼o$Ýs$¼g½T^½²Ýb»¼²#¾0³`Ñ»¿ÂG²#¯¿Í ¸g³J±(¿¯±G$Ñ4²±c$ÂM¿_½±³²#$±M¯9¾0²³2Âj½T(Ñ!¼»±G?¹k´\ÂGÂ(½$±G³²Ò±G´$¾0³½²Â²#¾³ÁÀ²Âj¿@¬;¾0Ï2é$Âj½>¬~»³ À?ÂÂ$³2ÂG²#¾0³F¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿²#Ò$±G¹T¯s¾0»T±Mº2»(¿#$¼j½°$ÂG´$ÂG»±¼/±³´$¾0³J±G°$¼/¯kÀ?±M¿¼jÑ»¾³¼j²#³J±¾ ½»T²#¼G¿_Ñ4²àË ³²Ñ»Ñ ½½²Ýs»¼²#¾0³FÑ»¿Â²¯¿#¯s¾0¼¼G²Ï¿#?Í ¸g³ á ³b¹»³½$±G³²± á ¿ÂG±GHÚÑ»¾0³¼´¾0³¼O²»°v½>¬;»T³°¯kÀ²¼Ñ»T±½^Áy$±jÅ ö ¹ ï λ ½vÁy±|Æd³$³2ÂG±G°$c½¼ ¼OÂ|À?ÂG²#¾0³¼o½H±²#Ã0ñ¯9±Ñ4\Âg½c±°½»²±GH$³´¾±Gc¿#v³¾0ÑÏT±Gc½H¯À±ÂG²#´»T¿#¼ÐkÀ½±¾0³²#º2»$¼g±G$¼Â|À?³2ÂG¼ À»F³²Ì0À»,½T(´$¼M´|ÐkÀÑÏT±G¼j\Â/À?²#³¼²>½±G°$½»²#±¿#]Â|À?» ®½½°$´¿³´|Ð$Ñ4$³JÂ=Í I I 2.2.3. 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F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F GF G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F GF GF8G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F MANU F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F GF GF8G8 G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F IH GF GF8G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F IH GF GF8G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F IH GF GF8G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F 110100... F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F IH GF GF8G8 G8 GH 8 GH 8 GH 8 GH 8 GH 8 H G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F IH GF GF8G8 GH 8 GH 8 GH 8 GH 8 GH 8 H G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F 110100... F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F H8 F H8 F H8 F H8 F H8 F H8 F HI GF GF8G8 G8 I G8 I G8 I G8 I G8 I G8 I G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F I8 F IH GF GF8G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 H G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F GF GF8G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F GF GF8G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F ADCs F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F GF GF8G8 G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 FDigitalisation F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F GF GF8G8 G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F G8 F GF GF8G8 Controle des MANAS et ADC, stockage des piedestaux et supression de zéro. Dialogue avec l’acquisition. ï Í îÎï ÍÖQô ´|ÐT°Ñ4À4½(¯±G²³´²¯s_½T¼M´=À±O¼/ù,µ/È/ÊÍs·^ÐkÀ?´»³½(´¼´=À±OÂ$¼¯9±Ñ4\¿#ÀÑ4²¼G $³ Áy¾0±GÑ!¹k¿#À4½²Ã0²ÂÀ¿#²¼À?ÂG²#¾0³4$Â/¿¬~³JÌ0¾0²{̱G¼/¿¬;À´º2»²¼G²ÂG²#¾0³F½$¼/¼²#Ã0³kÀ?» ®,²#¼G¼»¼/½T`íã ¯kÀ?½¼Í Track & Hold Clock Clear MANAS Entrée 1 CP FLT SHP K1 K2 CP : Préampli de Charge FLT : Filtre SHP : Mise en forme C : Mémoire analogique C ........ 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Algorithmes de reconstruction {« ¼c²³TÁy¾0±ÑiÀ?ÂG²#¾0³T¼½T_ÏkÀ¼GÚ¯À±ÂG²#±^½T¼Gº2»$¿#¿¼c¿#/´¾I½_½>¬;À³kÀ¿Ô ¼]½¾0²Âc±G$´¾0³T¼Â±»²#±]¿#/¼G¯9´$ÂG±G ½vÑiÀ?¼G¼G$¼z²#³JÌ?À±²À³JÂ$¼o½T¼z¯kÀ?²#±G$¼½vÑ»¾0³T¼´¾³¼G²¼Â$³JÂg³»T³H¿#²¼ÂGv½Ì?À¿#$»±G¼o½^´|ÐkÀ?±GÃ0$¼zÑ4ÉË ¼»±G°$¼g¼G»T±g¿#¼¯kÀ½¼z½T¼g½²Ýb°$±G³JÂG¼g¯¿À³T¼½$¼g´|ÐkÀÑϱ¼g½HÂG±ÀÎé$´$ÂG¾0Ã0±À?¯Ð²#?ÍÓ/À³¼g´\ÂGÂGc¯kÀ±ÂG²#?¹ »³T/½$¼G´±²#¯TÂG²#¾0³4½¼^¯±G²³´²¯s$¼v½$¼cÀ¿Ã0¾0±G²ÂÐÑ!¼g» ²#¿²#¼°¼D¯s¾»±HÀ´$´¾0Ñ!¯¿²#±g´\ÂGÂG]±G$´¾0³¼O±»´$ÂG²#¾0³ $¼ÂM½¾0³³T°Ís·^$¼À?¿#Ã0¾0±²ÂGÐÑ4$¼^¼¼°¯kÀ±³J¯±G²³´²¯kÀ¿#$Ñ4$³JÂH³F±¾0²#¼HÂÀ´|Ð$¼Ñ4ÀÎé»T±G¼Ö î ÍM¿#À±´$¾0³¼ÂG±G»´\²¾0³+½$¼`¯9¾0²#³J¼(½>¬~²#Ñ!¯kÀ´\½T¼¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿¼¼G»T±`´|ÐkÀº2»i´|ÐkÀÑϱ¹oÚ,¯kÀ?±Â²± ½T¼j²#³TÁy¾±GÑ4À?²¾0³i½²Ã0²ÂÀ¿#$¼¹ ï ÍM¯T»²#¼]¿@¬À?¯¯kÀ±²#Ñ!³J½´$¼_¯s¾²#³J¼]½b¬;²Ñ4¯kÀ?´$Â]±´$¾0³¼ÂG±G»²Â¼_¯9¾0»±]±´$¾0³¼ÂG±G»²±G¿¼/ÂG±À´$¼ ½T¼j¯kÀ±O²#´$»¿#$¼¹ ñ ÍM\Â_³ á ³>¹>¿#À4±G$´|б´|Ð!½¼_¯kÀ?²#±G$¼/½ÂG±À´$¼_¼»¼G´$¯TÂG²#Ï¿¼_½>¬ $ÂG±G´$¾0±G±°¿#°$¼!Åy´Í;ÀTÍ;½²¼G¼»¼ ½b¬;»³T(¯À±ÂG²#´»T¿#]»³T²#º2»SÆH¯9¾0»±j±G$´¾0³T¼Â±»²#±_¿#$»±jÑiÀ¼¼G_²³2Ì?À±²À³JÂGÍ 2.4.1. Reconstruction des points d’impact Recherche des clusters par routage «tÀ¯±Ñ!²#Ò±/°\Â|À¯9_½_¿À±G´$¾0³¼O±G»T´$²¾0³´¾³¼G²¼Â_½T¾0³´Ú±G$´|б´|бM¿¬~³T¼GÑ`Ï¿#]½T¼cÃ0±¾0»¯9¼ ½¯À½¼´¾0³JÂG²#Ã0»J$¼!Å@À¯T¯s$¿#° ´¿»¼ÂG±¼ËR½kÀ?³¼_¿À¼»²ÂGSÆ]À=ÔJÀ³JÂ(Ñ!¼G»T±G°»³¼G²Ã0³kÀ¿´¿À?²#±G$Ñ4$³J ã2è ³¾0³³2»¿Í?ʳT^´¾»¯»±H¼G»±¿#¼dÌ?À¿#$»±G¼o½¼z´|ÐÀ±GÃ0$¼zÑ!¼G»T±G°$¼z¼OÂg½¾0³T´cÀ¯¯¿²#º2»°$¹p¯s¾0»T±o´|ÐkÀ?ºI»T ¯kÀ½À á ³R½³´¾0³T¼G±OÌ0$±_ºI»T¿#$¼/´|ÐkÀ±Ã0¼/½¾0³JÂ]¿#À4Ñ!¼G»T±G`$¼Â_¼»¯9°±G²»±Ú N × σ ¾ N ¼Â(»³K³¾0Ñ`ϱG½° á ³²DÚ¿@¬À=Ì?À³´$$ σ ¼Â¿#ÀiÌ?À¿#$»±_½»Ï±G»T²Â_¼»±¿#¯kÀ?½K´$¾0³¼²#½°$±G°ÍdôI²g¿# ϱG»²Â]°$¿#´\±¾0³²#º2»`¼Â»T³Ï±G»²Â]½Áy¾0±GÑ!`ÃJÀ?»¼G¼²#³T³Å´$º2»²$¼Â´¾³ á ±GÑ!°¯kÀ?±/¿#$¼]Ñ!¼G»T±G¼ \® ¯s°$±G²Ñ4$³2ÂÀ¿#$¼À=Ì0$´»³iÏs¾0³T³i¯±°´$²#¼G²¾0³QÆÀ¿#¾±G¼»³´$¾0»¯»T±GÚ ¼²#Ã0³T² á $±À,º2»i¿¬~¾0³e³T ÃJÀ±G½Tº2»¿¼j´|ÐkÀ±Ã0¼/½¾0³JÂ/¿#À!¯T±G¾0ÏkÀ?ϲ#¿²Â°_½bȬ \±G(Ã0°$³°±°¯kÀ?±¿(ÏT3σ ±G»²Â$¼Â/²#³TÁy°$±G²#$»±MÚ T¹;ñ ôÍ ×D¿»¼/¿#À!Ì?À¿»±M½ ¼OÂ]Ã0±GÀ³½?¹s¯T¿#»¼ÏkÀ¼G¼¼OÂ]¿#À4¯±¾0ÏkÀϲ¿#²Â°_½½°´$¿#³T´|б]¿#À4¿´$ÂG»±G(¼G»T± 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Reconstruction des traces et reconstruction des masses invariantes g¸ ³Û¯À±ÂÀ³J ½$¼R¯9¾0²#³J¼F½>¬~²#Ñ!¯kÀ´\±G´$¾0³¼O±G»T²Â¼$¹¿#À½T» ® ²#Ò$Ñ4e¯kÀ±O²#½e¿ÀX±G$´¾0³¼O±»´$ÂG²#¾0³ ´$¾0³¼G²¼ÂGeÚ ´$¾0Ñϲ³±´$¼F¯s¾²#³J¼¯9¾0»±±´¾³¼ÂG±G»²±G¿#$¼Â±À?´¼F½$¼,¯À±ÂG²#´»T¿#¼$Íc«{³¾0ÑÏT±G ½$¼´$¾0Ñϲ³kÀ²¼G¾0³¼c¯9¾0¼¼G²#ÏT¿#¼MÀ»TÃ0Ñ4$³JÂ_±ҼM±À¯²½Ñ!³JÂÀ=Ì0$´`¿#³¾ÑϱG½Â±GÀ´$¼/Ú±G$´¾0³T¼OË ÂG±G»²±GÍ{·^4³¾ÑϱG!¼OÂ`¿#À±GÃÑ!³J±G°$½»²Â($³e»TÂG²#¿²#¼À?³2¿Ñ4°$´=À³T²#¼GÑ!½!±G¾0»TÂÀÃ0°\Ì0¾IºI»T°À» ¯kÀ?±ÀÃ0±GÀ¯Ð ï Í~ãÍ î Í×oÀ±ÂÀ³JÂz½$¼z²#³ Áy¾0±GÑ4À?²¾0³¼{½°$¿#²Ì ±°$¼¯kÀ±d¿#v¼ÔI¼ÂGÒÑ!H½v½°´$¿#³T´|ÐÑ!³JÂ=¹?»³ ±°Ã0²¾0³½±´|Ð$±G´|Ð/¼Âv½° á ³²#MÀ»!³²Ì0=À?»i½M¿À_½$±G³²Ò±Gj¼OÂ|À?ÂG²#¾0³!½c±GÀÎé´\¾0Ã0±GÀ¯Ð²Å¼ÂÀ?²¾0³ è0ÆÉÍQ«{(Ñ Ñ!]±GÀ=ÌÀ?²#¿>$¼Â³¼»²ÂG\Ýb$´$»T°`½¿À¼OÂ|À?ÂG²#¾0³ è`Ì0±¼/¿#À¼OÂ|À?ÂG²#¾0³Fã¹k\Â]À?²#³¼²{½¼G»²Â 黼º2»>¬Ú¿#À`¯±G$Ñ4²Ò±]¼ÂÀ?²¾0³>Ík·^_¼OÔI¼ÂÒ$Ñ4_½T¾0²Âc$³F¾0»T±]¯±³½±³F´¾0Ñ!¯TÂG]¿À`½T°$ÌI²À?ÂG²#¾0³i½¼ ¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿¼v³J±(¿¼H¼OÂ|À?ÂG²#¾0³T¼ ï $ÂMñT¹ ¯»²¼H³J±¿#¼^¼Â|Àp²#¾³¼cñ$ÂHã Åy¿À`¼OÂ|À?ÂG²#¾0³ñ°$Â|À?³2Âj¯T¿À´$° Ú¿¬~²#³JÂG°±G²»±^½»,´|ÐÀÑ4¯T¼MÑ4ÀÃ0³T°$²º2»_½»¼G¯9´$ÂG±G¾0Ñ!Ò$ÂG±G=Æ\Í «tÀ ½$±G³²Ò±°$ÂÀ¯si½»+±GÀSÌ?À²¿v´$¾0³¼²#¼ÂGÚRÀ¯T¯kÀ±G²±¿#¼Â±ÀSé´$ÂG¾0²#±¼À?²#³¼²v±´¾³¼ÂG±G»²Â¼`$ÂÚ ±´¾³¼ÂG±G»²±G¿#$¼HÌÀ?¿#»T±G¼c½$¼Ñ4À¼G¼¼j²#³JÌ?À±²À³JÂ$¼jÚ¯kÀ±ÂG²#±c½¿@¬;°$ºI»À?²¾0³ î Í;ñT¹¼G»T±M¿#À¯kÀÃ0 ï î Í ¶´$²2À»¼G¼²¹S¿g¯±G²³´²¯sg½°$´±²Ât³D½¾0³T³vº2»>¬~»³²#½T°g¼G¾Ñ4Ñ4À²#±z½$¼dÂG´|г²º2»¼dÑ4²¼G$¼{³jé$»½À³¼ ¿#À±G$´¾0³T¼Â±»´$ÂG²#¾0³b¹º2»²T¾³2Âz½¾0³³°$¼g¿#²»Ú]½T¼z°\»½$¼g$Âg½T¼g½°\Ì0¿¾0¯¯9Ñ!³J¼DÀ?¯¯±G¾?Áy¾0³½²o¼ ã0ã Í ãö ãø Deuxième partie . Simulation du détecteur ãJð 3. Modélisation du détecteur 3.1. Introduction Ó]À?³¼´$^´|ÐkÀ¯T²Â±¹p¿#$¼dÂG±À=Ì?À» ®±G°À¿#²¼G°¼d¯9¾0»±dÑ4¾I½°¿²#¼±t¿Àj±G°$¯kÀ±ÂG²ÂG²#¾0³½$¼z°¿°Ñ!³J¼o½^Ñ4À?²ұ ½»½°\Â$´$Â$»±¼G¾0³J¯±°¼³J°$¼Íd«{Ï»T¼O²#´$²½º2»kÀ³J² á ±/¿À¯9±ÂG½>¬~°³$±GÃ0²$¼G»T±Â¾»T½ ½²Ýb»T¼G²#¾³iÑ»¿Â²¯¿#jº2»]´$$ÂGÂG_ÑiÀp²#Ò$±GjÁÀ²Âv¼G»Tϲ#±^À» ®iÑ»¾0³¼v²#¼¼G»¼H½T]¿À`´$¾0¿#¿²#¼²#¾0³>Í0¸D³¯T±GÑ!²#$± ¿²#»b¹H¿À º2»kÀ³J²°K½KÑiÀ?ÂG²#Ò$±G¯±°¼G$³JÂ+½kÀ?³¼,´|ÐÀº2»&¯kÀ?±Â²½¼°¿°Ñ!³J¼´¾0³T¼Â²Â»TÂG²Áy¼F½» ½°\Â$´$Â$»±(À°$°°\ÌÀ?¿#»°$Í{¸g³K¯kÀ±ÂG²#´$»¿#²±¹9¿#$¼_´=À±OÂ$¼`ùµ]È/Ê º2»²g¼¾0³JÂ(±G¯T±G¾I½»²ÂG¼_»³Ã0±GÀ³½ ³¾ÑϱG½/Áy¾0²¼^¼»±H¿À(´|ÐkÀÑÏT±G]¼¾0³JÂc½°´$¾0Ñ!¯s¾0¼°$¼c³¯¿»¼G²»±¼H°¿°Ñ!³J¼vÑiÀÎé$»±G¼$Ík·^]Ñ!¾ÂG²Á ½ÏkÀ¼ $¼ÂÑ!¾I½°¿²#¼G°\±°¯¿²#º2»°,À»TÂ|À?³2Â4½FÁy¾0²#¼!º2» ³T°´$¼G¼GÀ²#± ¯9¾0»±!²#³J±¾ ½»T²#±GF¿# À $¾0³ À´\²Ì0_½»½°$ÂG´\»T±½kÀ?³¼j¿À¼G²Ñ»¿Àp²#¾³>Í Ó]À?³¼`»³T¯±G$Ñ4²Ò±4¯kÀ?±Â²¹t»³i¯±G°$¼G³JÂÀ?²¾0³+½»+´$¾ ½T½i´À±ÂG¾0Ã0±GÀ¯Ð²¹tº2»²HÀ³J±À»TÂG±G ¯9±Ñ4²¼4½>¬;À´$´°½T±ÁÀ´$²#¿#$Ñ4$³JÂÀ»I® ¯9¾0¼G²Â²¾0³¼!½ ´$¼Ñ!¾Â²Áy¼4½ ÏkÀ¼G?¹^$¼Â½¾³³°?Íc¸g³¼G»T²Â?¹ ¿¼°$ÂÀ¯s$¼´¾0³½T»²#¼GÀ³JÂÚ»³Ñ4¾I½Ò¿¯±G°$´²¼!½T,¿#À´|ÐÀÑϱ¹g½kÀ³T¼4¿´$¾ ½T½b¬;µ¿#²Çj¾I¾Â=¹o¼G¾0³J ɮT¯9¾0¼°¼$Ík¸g³ á ³>¹T¿¬~²#³Täk»T³´$/½]¿@¬;²³J±G¾I½»´\²¾0³4½T]´$¼H³²Ì=À»I®½/½°$ÂÀ²#¿¼^½kÀ³T¼^¿À½¼´±G²¯T²¾0³ ½¿ÀiÑ4À?ÂG²#Ò±½»½°$ÂG´\»T±_¼G»±]¿@¬;P !´=À´$²Â°$Â/¿À4±°¼¾0¿#»TÂG²#¾0³,³Ñ4À¼G¼`½`±G´$¾0³¼O±G»T´$²¾0³½» ¼G¾0³JÂM¯±°¼G$³J°¼$Í Υ 3.2. 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91,83 99,73 101,677 114,177 14,300 194,000 0,052 0,458 5,554 3,488 FR4 Foam 793,44 793,44 0,103 0,125 0,220 0,267 49,82 49,82 106,331 194,000 106,331 7880,000 0,426 21,023 1,744 2,117 900,00 0,288 0,541 42,8206 80,571 14,300 0,077 4,871 456,00 0,171 0,634 7,24888 26,920 8,560 0,054 2,890 284,75 90,00 0,131 0,699 0,781 13,158 5,31 1,92 31,579 36,127 392,000 14,300 3,062 1,882 2,224 11,842 1693,44 1693,44 0,147 0,355 0,147 0,355 71,54 65,51 71,540 65,510 194,000 14,300 0,285 0,051 2,489 6,012 1449,00 1449,00 0,221 0,681 0,258 0,795 83,888 80,8064 98,040 94,438 194,000 14,300 0,501 0,114 3,740 11,524 Plan mécanique Kapton Cuivre Connecteurs 66 pts(sur pads) Sn/Pb Connecteur 80 pts (Berg) Plastique Cuivre Carte mère FR4 Cuivre Carte fille FR4 Cuivre QñTÍ;íTÍÖúD»$³i¼Ñ!²ËnÂG±À³T¼G¯kÀ±³´$½b¬;»³Tϱ²#º2»M½MÏkÀ¼G½»iÑ!¾I½Ò¿c½°$ÂÀ²#¿¿#°c½M¿À_Ã0°$¾0Ñ4°ÉË Â±G²Å²ÑiÀ?Ã0]¾0ÏTÂG³2»À=Ì0´`Ù_=À³JÂã 0Ù±GÀ åù,«oÆÉÍ {« Ñ4¾I½Ò¿F´¾0Ñ!¯¿#É® ¼,ÂG±À½»T²Â4À²#³T¼G²j¯kÀ±!»³°¯kÀ?²#¼G¼»±4Ñ4¾SÔ³³,½ 7, 1%X ů9¾0»±¿¼ ½$» ®e´=À?ÂGоI½¼Æ¼¾0²Â = 3, 5%X ¯kÀ?±´À?ÂоI½?Ío«tÀ½°$ÌI²Àp²#¾³eÀ?³Ã0»¿#À²#±Ñ4¾SÔ0$³³4¼Â`½ ½TÃ0±°¼FÅ 0, 602 Ñ!±À?½QÆ]$¿#À¯9±OÂ4½>¬;°$³±Ã0²#!Ñ!¾ÎÔ³³T½ 1, 7 M eV ¹d½T¾0³J³JÌI²#±¾0³ 3, 4.10 n ú k ½ À ³¼H¿/ÃJÀ Í «dÀ á Ã0»±_ñTÍ ø Ñ4¾³2ÂG±G¿#¼v±G°$¼G»¿Â|À?ÂG¼H¾0ÏTÂG³2»¼H$³¼G¾0±O²#/À=Ì0´_¿#À¼²#Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³ 500 Ù¸gµ]Èæ_Í −3 7,1 2 0 0 èö fE {fPdgCode==553} empile empile 100 80 1000 Mean 159.8 Mean 0.03423 RMS 70.8 RMS 0.02164 Underflow 0 Overflow 0 1000 Integral 60 empile Entries Entries 30 25 1000 Underflow 0 Overflow 20 0 1000 Integral 15 40 10 20 0 0 5 200 400 600 800 1000 ÌãÍÎ:Z{ÑÉßNÐqÔÒÑÉÝÜMÐqÑÉØPÙöÕÆÙ[MÆÙÕ.Ô\PÑÉÕ'×MÕÆß fE {fPdgCode==13 || fPdgCode==-13} 0 0 1200 200 180 2000 Mean 79.91 RMS 52.07 Underflow 0 160 Overflow 0 140 Integral 2000 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 Υ empile Entries 40 2000 Mean 0.08298 35 RMS 0.03458 30 Overflow Underflow 25 0 0 2000 Integral 20 100 80 15 60 10 40 5 20 0 0 0.06 empile Entries 120 0.04 ̰ÝÎZ{ÑÉßNÐqÔÒÑÉÝÜMÐqÑÉØPÙöÕÆÙÔæÍXÑÛ×MÑÈÐ+M ×MÕÅß Υ empile 220 0.02 100 200 300 Ì]ÆP Î^ Z ÑÛßDÐÒÔqÑÉÝÜMÐÒÑÈØÙ Q`ÜØÙwß 400 500 600 700 800 Õ.ÙMÆÙÕ.Ô\PÑÉÕº×MÕÆß 0 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 ̰×Î_{ Z ÑÉßNÐqÔÒÑÈÝwÜMÐqÑÉØPÙºÕÆÙÔÒÍSXÑÛ×MÑ Ð M×MÕÅß Q`ÜwØPÙwß sñTÍ ö ÍÖkÓ/²¼Â±²#Ï» ²#¾³¼H½$¼c²#Ñ!¯»¿#¼²#¾0³T¼^$Âj½T¼c°³T±Gò#¼j½$¼ Υ \Âj½¼ µ ²¼G¼G»T¼c½$¼Mð³°$±ÀpË Â$»±G¼_¼OÂ|À³T½kÀ±G½T¼]½¿À!¼G²Ñ»¿Àp²#¾³,µ¿#²Çj¾I¾Â=ÍQ«{¼ Υ ¹bº2»²¼¾0³JÂ_¿¬~»³`½¼_¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿¼ ±G$´|б´|а¼$³R¯kÀ±O²#´$»¿#²±c½kÀ?³¼/¿(ÏT±À¼½²#Ñ»T¾0³¼¹Q¼¾0³JÂ]Ã0°$³°±°¼_Ú!¯kÀ±ÂG²#±j½½²#¼O±G²àË Ï»TÂG²#¾0³T¼(¯T±G°½T° á ³²¼$Í«tÀÌ0¾0²4½½°$´±¾0²#¼¼À³´$iÑ»T¾0³²#º2»$¼Â`À¿#¾0±¼²#Ñ!¯s¾0¼°¯9¾0»± ´|ÐkÀ´$»³+½4´$¼ Υ ¹dÀ á ³e½>¬~¾0ϼG$±Ì±½!¿À½²Ýb»T¼G²#¾³eÑ»T¿Â²¯¿#`¼G»±»³!½²#¼O±G²Ï»TÂG²#¾0³ ±G°À¿#²¼ÂG_½Ñ»¾0³¼$Í èø ± `bacRyd6570/y /{Re4-©y{5f$1 Angle deviation, on (xz) plane 2400 2200 hstAngleX Entries Mean RMS Underflow Overflow χ2 / ndf Constant Mean Sigma 2000 1800 1600 1400 76173 1.135e-06 0.004228 1 2 1655 / 145 2143 ± 10.58 -1.084e-05 ± 1.267e-05 0.003448 ± 1.138e-05 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 g y -0.04 -0.02 0 fhd$7Rfy ij{51k3 1mlni1mfod$1lp3Bqram/41f¨'51 Map of average energy loss hstMap1 Entries 29524 Mean x -0.1406 Mean y -0.5058 RMS x 5.7630.006 RMS y 2.03 0 0 0 0 48 00.005 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0.004 -1 0.003 -2 0.002 -3 0.001 -4 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 0 0.02 0.04 Deviation in degree `Ë5lsd$f6z2e$d6578/63 1lni1fhd$1lp3Cqra/ 1f¨'51 Energy loss hstEnj 700 600 500 Entries 76173 Mean 1.673 RMS 0.988 Underflow 0 Overflow 0 400 300 200 100 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Deposit energy (MeV) 9ñTÍ ø ÍÖÓ/²#¼O±G²Ï»TÂG²#¾0³\´À±ÂG¾0Ã0±GÀ¯Ð²]½¼M½°\Ì ²#À?²¾0³¼jÀ³TÃ0»¿À?²#±G$¼H$ÂM½$¼j¯s$±Â$¼½b¬;°$³±Ã0²#$¼Í èð X/X0(%) Comparison between models and reference data Complex model reference 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Zone number sñTÍ;ðTÍÖtÅ@À0ÆDÓ° á ³²Â²¾0³½¼`¾0³T¼½jÑ$Ñ4c°$¯kÀ²#¼¼G$»±]Åy³!»³²Â°c½ X ÆgÚ¯À±ÂG²#±g½»!Ñ4¾I½Ò$¿# ½°\Â|À²¿#¿#°?ÍzÅyÏQÆMúÀ¿»±¼]½åTwå ±³´$¾0³J±G°$¼¯s¾0»T±]´|ÐkÀº2»|¾³½kÀ³¼_¿#Ài¼G²Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³ 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Impact du nouveau modèle géométrique sur les performances des algorithmes de reconstruction. «tÀ&º2»kÀ³JÂG²Â°,½RÑ4À?²ұ²³J±G¾I½»²Â¯kÀ±4´R³¾»TÌ0À» Ñ4¾I½Ò$¿#,À&»³ ²#Ñ!¯kÀ´\Âiº2»²M¼O°$Ì?À¿»° $ ³ ´¾0Ñ!¯kÀ±GÀ³J¿¬~!´=À?´²ÂG°R$¿À&±°¼G¾¿#»TÂG²#¾0³ ½T±G´$¾0³¼O±G»T´$²¾0³ ½$¼Ñ4À¼¼G¼²³JÌÀ?±G²À?³2ÂG¼4½¼ Ít·^$¼Ã±À³½T»±¼(¼¾0³JÂ(¾0ÏTÂ$³2»¼(³KÃ0°³T°±À?³2 î Υ ½kÀ?³¼¿@¬À?´´$¯TÂ|À?³´Ã0°$¾0Ñ4°\±²#º2»½ Υ ¿#Ài¼ÂÀ?²¾0³½Â±GÀÎé´\¾0ñÀ¯ÐT²#Å 2, 5 < η < 4Æ/$³Áy¾0±â=À³J¿»±]½T°´±¾0²#¼¼À³T´¼G$¿#¾0³¿À!Ì0¾0² Ñ»T¾0³²#º2»?Íp«dÀM±G°$¼G¾0¿»T²¾0³$³`Ñ4À¼G¼^$¼Âz°\Ì?À¿#»°$v¯À±o¿@¬;°$´=À±OÂËÂÔ ¯9½^¿#ÀM½²¼ÂG±G²#ÏT»T²¾0³ÃJÀ»¼¼G²#$³³ ÀÎé»T¼Â°$¼G»±c¿]¼G¯9´\±G½Ñ4À¼G¼¼c±´¾³¼ÂG±G»²Â¼$¹k½kÀ³¼j¿#À`±G°$Ã0²#¾0³½T(Ñ4À¼¼G[¼ 9, 3 ¹ 9, 85 Ù_núÍ «g¬~ !´=À´$²ÂG°½(±G$´¾0³T¼Â±»´$ÂG²#¾0³,¼OÂ/½° á ³²´$¾0Ñ4Ñ!_¿#³¾ÑϱG(½>¬~°$̰³$Ñ4$³2ÂG¼_À=ÔJÀ³J´¾0³T½»²ÂÚ ¿#À±G$´¾0³T¼Â±»´$ÂG²#¾0³½b¬;»³T]ÑiÀ?¼G¼G/²#³JÌ?À±G²#À³JÂÀ¯¯kÀ±OÂ$³kÀ³JÂjÚ`´$$ÂGÂG_²#³JÂ$±Ì?À¿¿#Å´$¾0³¼G²½°±°]´¾Ñ4Ñ! °\Â|À³JÂM½¼j±´¾³¼ÂG±G»´\²#¾³Ì?À¿²#½]½T ΥÆÉ¹½²Ì ²¼G°¯kÀ±c¿¼ 10000 Υ Ã0°³T°±G°$¼Í «{¼_±°¼»¿ÂÀ?¼_¼¾0³J±¯9¾0±ÂG°¼_¼»±_¿À á û±GñTÍ îÎï Í>«D¬~²#³JÂG±G¾I½»´$ÂG²#¾0³ ½¿À³¾»TÌ0$¿#¿#ð¾0Ñ!°$ÂG±G²#¼G ÂG±À½»T²Âj½¾0³T´¯kÀ?±M»T³ °¿#À±Gò#¼G¼Ñ!³JÂM½» ¼¯s$´$ÂG±G`$³ Ñ4À¼G¼½T ø ¹ ï ù,n[ú ?´ Åy½ î T¹ î ù,nTú ?´ Ú î ø ¹;ñ4ù,n[ú ?´ ÆH$¯kÀ±M»³(½²#Ñ!²#³2»TÂG²#¾0³½(¿¬~ !´À´²Â°½ î ¹í ô ŽT ø í ¹;>ã ô Ú ø ãT¹ ø ôÆ]Ís·^¼ ±°¼G»T¿Â|Àp¼c¼G¾³2ÂM¾0Ï Â³2»¼M¼À?³¼ÏT±G»²Âc½Áy¾0³½F¯ÐJÔI¼G²#º2»?Í 2 2 2 D ¡Y¢W+}£¥¤¦D§4}¡¨¢*©«ª}¬R®C8¢Wª}¡W¯ Masse invariante autour du Upsilon hInvMassRes Entries 9019 Mean 9.563 RMS 0.1405 Underflow 23 Overflow 1 Integral 8995 52.1 / 8 χ2 / ndf Prob 1.611e-08 Constant 1721 ± 24.39 Mean 9.573 ± 0.001107 Sigma 0.1001 ± 0.0009666 1800 1600 1400 1200 Efficacite = 86,4 % Resolution = 100,1 Mev/c 2 1000 800 Masse invariante autour du Upsilon 1600 1400 Efficacite = 84,8 % 1200 1000 Resolution = 108,3 MeV/c 8905 Mean 9.566 RMS 0.1515 18 Overflow Integral χ2 / ndf 800 Prob Constant Mean 400 400 hInvMassRes Entries Underflow 2 600 600 Sigma 0 8887 25.67 / 8 0.001196 1574 ± 22.29 9.573 ± 0.001228 0.1083 ± 0.001066 200 200 0 8 °±ªD¬²C£$³´µ³B©k·¶u®¨ªb©«¸B£$³8¹}³ 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 2 Masse invariante (Mev/c ) 0 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 2 Masse invariante (Mev/c ) QñTÍ îÎï ÍÖQ·^¾0Ñ!¯kÀ±GÀ²#¼¾0³½¼¯9±OÁy¾0±GÑ4À³´$¼½¿¬;À¿Ã0¾0±G²ÂÐÑ!(½±G´$¾0³¼O±G»T´$²¾0³¯s¾»±_¿À±\Ë ´¾³¼ÂG±G»´\²#¾³&½$¼ Υ ½À³¼(¿#´=À¼(²#³T²Â²#À¿cÅ á Ã0»±½4Ã0À»´|Ð=Æ($ÂÀ=Ì0$´i¿@¬;»TÂG²#¿²#¼Àp²#¾³ ½¿Àð¾0Ñ!°$ÂG±G²#½°$ÂÀ²#¿¿#°$¯s¾»±]¿#$¼_´|ÐkÀÑÏT±G¼½¿#À¯±G$Ñ4²Ò±G`¼Â|Àp²#¾³Å á Ã0»T±G½ ½±¾0²ÂGSÆ\ÍÓ]À?³¼i¿,½$±G³²±4´=À¼$¹v¿#ÀKÃ0°$¾0Ñ!°$±²#F½$¼´|ÐkÀÑÏT±G¼4½¼À»T±¼4¼Â|Àp²#¾³¼ ³>¬~¼OÂ/¯kÀ?¼MÑ!¾I½² á °$Í íö íø 4. Simulation des défaillances électroniques et influence sur les performances du détecteur. 4.1. Introduction Ó]À?³¼4´$,´|ÐÀ¯²ÂG±G?¹DÀ¯±GÒ$¼4»T³,ÏT±GÒ$Ì ¯±°¼³JÂ|À?ÂG²#¾0³½$¼4°$¿#°Ñ!³JÂG¼4Ñ4ÀÎé»T±G¼½¿¬~°¿#$´$ÂG±G¾0³²º2» ½>¬;À´$ºI»T²#¼G²Â²¾0³>¹0¿¼¯kÀ±À?Ñ4Ò\±G$¼v\Â^¾ÏIé$ÂG¼^´±²ÂG²#º2»¼¼G$±G¾0³JÂ^±G°¯9±O¾0±²#°$¼ÍI«{¼¾0ÏIé$ÂG¼^°\»½²°¼v¼G¾0³J ¿@¬;$³¼G$ÑÏ¿#F½$¼4´À±ÂG¼!°¿´$ÂG±G¾0³T²#º2»¼$¹D½¼!¯±G¾I´$¼G¼»±¼i²#Ñ!¯¿#À³J°¼¼»±!´¼!´=À?±Â$¼¹À²³¼G²cº2» ¿¼g¿#²Ã0³$¼z½H±GÀ³¼¯s¾0±OÂD½¼D²³TÁy¾0±GÑ4À?ÂG²#¾0³¼o°¿´$ÂG±G¾0³T²#º2»¼g» ²#¿²#¼°¼g½À³¼g¿À]´|ÐÀ ³j½>¬;À´$ºI»T²#¼G²Â²¾0³ ÅÀ¯¯9¿#°$¼ Ï»¼G$¼ _½kÀ³T¼d¿#Àc¼G»²ÂSÆÉÍΫg¬;°\»½¯9¾0±ÂG±Àc¼»±t¿¬~$Ýs$Âd½D¿Àc¯9±ÂGD½D¿ÀHÁy¾0³´\²#¾³³kÀ¿²Â° ½>¬~»³F½´$¼j°¿#°$Ñ4$³J¼j¼G»±c¿¼c¯9±OÁy¾0±GÑ4À³´$¼c¯9¾Â$³2ÂG²#$¿#¿#$¼H½$¼À?¿#Ã0¾0±²ÂGÐÑ4$¼^½±´¾³¼ÂG±G»´\²#¾³>Í ¶´$²k¼G»T¿#¼D¿¼g¯kÀ³T³¼gÁy±À?³´|м¼G$±G¾0³J³JÌI²#¼GÀÃ0°$¼$³¾0³¿À/Ì?À±²À?ÂG²#¾0³`½¼¯kÀ±GÀÑ4Ò\±¼g½cÁy¾0³´ÉË ÂG²#¾0³³TÑ!³JÂM½¼½²Ýs°±³J¼°¿#°$Ñ4$³J¼¹9´¾Ñ4Ñ!¹k¯kÀ?±É®T$Ñ4¯T¿#¹Q¿³²Ì0À» ½Ï±G»T²ÂM°¿´$ÂG±G¾0³T²#º2» À¼¼G¾I´²°Í «{´¾I½³°´$¼¼À²±G(¯s¾0»T±HÁÀ²#±À¯¯kÀ±GÀ #ÂG±G_¿¼c°¿°Ñ!³J¼j´$±G²ÂG²#º2»$¼M°\»½T²#°¼j½kÀ?³¼j¿À¼G²Ñ»¿Àp²#¾³ ¼±À¯±°¼³J°?Ís¸g³F¯kÀ±O²´»¿²#±$¹ ¿@¬;» ²#¿²#¼GÀ?²¾0³4½T»´$¾ ½T_½_´=À±O¾0ñÀ¯ÐT²#]É®T¯9¾0¼°À?»´|ÐÀ¯²ÂG±GñTÍ ï ´$¾0Ñ4Ñ!Ñ4¾SÔ0$³ !´=À?´H½>¬;À´$´Ò¼DÀ?» ®¿¾ ´À¿#²¼À?ÂG²#¾0³T¼{½¼z½T²Ýs°±G$³J¼z¯kÀ?½¼¼±À]É® ¯¿#²ºI»T°Í?µ¯kÀ?±Â²± ½F´$$ÂGÂGF½¼´±G²¯T²¾0³ ÌI²#±ÂG»¿¿#½F¿#ÀR´=À±O¾0Ã0±GÀ¯Ð²¹z¿#ÀRÑ4²¼G$³¯¿#À´F½F¿#ÀR¼G²#Ñ`»¿À?ÂG²#¾0³&½¼ °$¿#°Ñ!³JÂG¼d´$±G²Â²#º2»$¼t´¾0³¼²#¼OÂD½¾0³´vÚj±GñG¾0»¯9±t¿¼{Ì0¾0²¼t°¿´\±G¾³²#º2»$¼o¼¿#¾³¿»±tÀ¯T¯kÀ±ÂG³kÀ?³´ Ú»³°¿°Ñ!³JÂj½¾0³³T°Í «{¼c´|ÐT¾0²®¯s¾0¼¼G²Ï¿#$¼c½¼j´¾Ñϲ#³À²#¼¾0³¼^½T(±Ã0±¾0»¯9Ñ!³J¼$¹´¾Ñϲ#³T°¼jÚ¿¬~°$ÂG»½_¼OÔ ¼O°$ÑiÀ?ÂG²#º2» ½$¼z½°\ÁÀ²#¿¿À³´$¼t½v´|ÐkÀº2»c°¿°Ñ!³JÂo´±G²Â²ºI»T¹p´¾0³½T»²ÂÚ/¿ÀM½° á ³²ÂG²#¾0³(½>¬~»³é»½TH¼G²Ñ»¿Àp²#¾³¼¹ º2»²k¼¾0³JÂv¯T±G°¼³J°$¼H½À³¼D¿À_¼G»T²Â?Í2×o¾0»T±´|ÐÀ´»³T½>¬~³JÂG±GM¿#¿¼$¹0¿#$¼±°¼»¿ÂÀ?¼$¹9ů9¾0±ÂÀ³JÂD¯±G²³´²àË ¯kÀ?¿#Ñ!³JÂj¼»±j¿#¼cP !´=À´$²Â°$¼j$ÂM±G°$¼G¾0¿»T²¾0³¼c½±G$´¾0³T¼Â±»´$ÂG²#¾0³kÆc¼±¾0³J¯T±G°¼³J°$¼/\Â/À?³kÀ¿ÔI¼°¼Í «g¬~³¼ÑÏ¿c½c´$¼g¼G²Ñ»¿Àp²#¾³¼o$¼Â¹0´¾0Ñ!Ñ!H²#¿ ¼G±GÀ]\® ¯¿²#º2»°¹´¿À?¼G¼G°c$³Â±G¾²#¼z³²Ì0À» ®½b¬;°$´|п¿# ½Ã0±À?³½»T±¹I³iÁy¾0³T´$²¾0³i½T»½¾0Ñ4À²#³TM½b¬;²³Täk»$³´]º2»/¿#¼°¿°Ñ!³J¼v°$ÂG»½²#°$¼H´¾³2ÂG±GÞ0¿³JÂ=Í2µ» ® ¯9$ÂG²Â$¼_°´|Ð$¿#¿¼¹{¿¼_±°¼G»T¿Â|Àp¼½¼G²Ñ»¿Àp²#¾³ ¯9¾0±ÂG±G¾³2¼»±¿À¯±¾0Ï¿#°$ÑiÀp²#º2»`½¿À±G$´¾0³T¼OË ÂG±G»´\²#¾³ ½¼¯9¾0²³2ÂG¼i½>¬~²#Ñ!¯kÀ´\ÂÀ» ¼²³ ½>¬;»T³R´|ÐkÀÑ`ϱG?ÍHµ/» ® Ñ4¾SÔ³³$¼°´|Ð$¿#¿¼¹v¿¬~²#Ñ!¯kÀ´\ ½$¼½T°$ÁÀ²¿#¿À?³´$¼_¼G»±(¿¬~ !´=À?´²ÂG°4½T4±´¾³¼ÂG±G»´\²#¾³&½$¼ Ú±GÀ=Ì0±¼`¿@¬À¿Ã0¾0±²ÂÐTÑ4½!ÂG±ÀÎé$´\Ë ÂG¾0Ã0±À?¯Ð²#½$¼/¯kÀ?²#±G$¼½T²#Ñ»¾³¼¼±GÀiÀ³kÀ?¿ÔI¼G°?Íb¸g³ á ³b¹bÀ»I®ΥÃ0±À³T½¼°´|Ð$¿#¿#$¼¹9¿Àº2»¼O²#¾³R½(¿À ±½¾0³T½kÀ³´$³J±`¿¼/½T» ® ´|ÐkÀÑÏT±G¼½¿#À!¯±Ñ!²#Ò$±G(¼Â|Àp²#¾³ ¼G$±ÀiÉ®TÀÑ4²³°³R°\»½T²À³J¿À º2»kÀ¿²ÂG°M½T]¿À(±G´$¾0³¼O±G»T´$²¾0³½$¼H±G°$¼G¾0³À³´$¼ Υ ¿#¾±G¼Gº2»¿¬~»³½¼H½T» ®i´|ÐkÀÑÏT±G¼^¼ÂH³°\Â|À? ½_Áy¾0³T´$²¾0³³$Ñ4$³JÂj¯kÀ±ÂG²#$¿Í «g¬~»³c½$¼´$¾0³¼°º2»³T´¼v½j´HÂG±À=Ì?À²#¿ ¯s¾0»T±G±À?²Âz²³J±OÌ0$³²#±DÀ»³²Ì0À»½»4´|ÐT¾0²®½»¼G´°$³kÀ±²#¾½ ±°¯kÀ±O²²#¾³,½¿À!´|ÐkÀ±Gý>¬~²#³TÁy¾0±ÑiÀp²#¾³$³J±G`¿#¼°¿°Ñ!³J¼½`¿@¬À´$º2»²#¼²Â²¾0³½kÀ³¼¼ÀiÌ0$±G¼²#¾0³ ½° á ³²Â²ÌÍg«{$¼!¼²#Ñ»T¿À?ÂG²#¾0³¼`½Ñ4¾SÔ³³$¼4°$´|п¿#$¼!¯9±Ñ4\ÂGÂG±G¾0³JÂ!½½¾0³T³±½$¼4´$±G²ÂGÒ±¼½ ´|о²®F¯9¾0»±j½°$´²#½T±M¼G²¹T³,ÁÀ?´(½>¬;»T³½T°$ÁÀ²¿#¿À?³´?¹T¿À¯±²#¼(½T½¾³³°$¼/´$¾0³J²#³2»½>¬ $ÂG±G(»T²¿#?Í ¸g³ á ³b¹d¿¼¼G²Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³¼_ÚF¯s\²¼(°´|ÐT¿#¿¼Áy¾0»±³²#¼¼G³J»³&Ñ!¾SÔ0$³&½>¬~\® ¯¿¾0±À?ÂG²#¾0³\»T³4ÏÀ¼G í0ð ½>¬;²³TÁy¾0±ÑiÀ?ÂG²#¾0³T¼/º2»²z¯9»T̳JÂ(¼¬;À=Ì0°±±(»T²¿#$¼]½kÀ³¼_¿¯±¾ ´$¼G¼»¼½½°\Ì0¿¾0¯¯9Ñ!³JÂ(½¼]ÂG´|Ð Ë ³²#º2»$¼^½M±G$´¾0³¼O±»´$ÂG²#¾0³>¹IÀ á ³4½>¬~¾0¯TÂG²#Ñ!²#¼±g¿#$»±D´¾0Ñ!¯9¾0±ÂGÑ!³JÂDÁÀ´À» ®½T°$ÁÀ²¿#¿À?³´$¼g¿#¾I´=À¿¼ ¯s¾ÂG³J²¿¿#¼$Í Ó]À³¼!´´|ÐkÀ¯²Â±¹D²#¿H$¼Â4¯kÀ±OÁy¾0²#¼ÁÀ²Â±G°\Áy°±G$³´ Ú½¼4³¾Â²¾0³¼À¼¼G¾I´²°¼4Ú¿¬;À¿#Ã0¾±G²ÂGÐÑ!4½ ±G´$¾0³¼O±G»T´$²¾0³&½T¼¯s¾²#³J¼½>¬~²#Ñ!¯kÀ´\Â!ÅyÂG¿#¿¼_º2»!¿#$¼_´¿#»T¼Â$±G¼(¾0»K¿#¼_´$¾0±G±°¿#À?²¾0³¼_½´|ÐkÀ±Ã0¼ ³J±K¿¼¯T¿À³¼Æ4¾0»ªÀ» ®°¿°Ñ!³J¼½T¿¬~°¿#$´$ÂG±G¾0³²º2»R½¿´$ÂG»±G?¹^º2»²_¼¾0³JÂF½° á ³T²#¼½kÀ³T¼¿# ´|ÐkÀ¯²Â±G ï Í 4.2. 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Implémentation de la réponse électronique dans le code de simulation 4.3.1. 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Charge induite + bruit Position du point reconstruit Bruit homogène−−> Seuil homogène 1 2 Numéro de pad 3 Charge induite + bruit après application du seuil Charge induite + bruit 1 2 3 Numéro de pad Position du point reconstruit Bruit inhomogène−−> Seuil inhomogène Numéro de pad Numéro de pad 9ãÍ ï ÍÖk¸zÝb\Âz½v¿¬~²#³ÐT¾0Ñ4¾Ã0°³°$²ÂG°g½»Ï±»²Âd°¿´\±G¾³²#º2»v¼G»±o¿Àj±G´$¾0³¼O±G»T´$²¾0³½$¼´$¿#»¼O±¼Í Ó]À³T¼_¿#¼´¾³½´=À¼$¹>¿À!¯s¾0¼²ÂG²#¾0³R$¼Â_½T°Ã0±GÀ½°´À±]¿#Ài½²Ýs°±³´$½Ï±»²Â]³J±¿# ¯±Ñ!²#±\Â`¿!½T±G³T²#±¯kÀ?½&³JÂG±À #³ºI»Ti¼G$»¿D¿#¯±Ñ!²#±½>¬~³JÂG±Gi$» ®K¼OÂ`¯T±G²#¼$³ ´¾Ñ4¯TÂG¿#¾0±¼H½¿À±G$´¾0³T¼Â±»´$ÂG²#¾0³½¿À¯9¾0¼²Â²¾0³½»´¿»¼ÂG±Í 1 2 3 1 2 3 ½>¬;À¼G¼¾ ´$²#±_»T³e$³¼G$ÑÏ¿#½T!¯À±ÀÑ!Ò$ÂG±G$¼_½±G°$¯s¾0³T¼G¼(°¿´\±G¾³²#º2»$¼!Å é»K½¼´$ÂG²#¾0³T¼ ¯kÀ±GÀÑ4\Â$± ÆcÀSÌ´(»³³¼ÑÏ¿½_Ì0¾0²¼j°¿´$ÂG±G¾0³T²#º2»¼Å黽¼G´\²¾0³¼ ±G°Ã²#¾0³éÆÉÍ Ê³K´¾0Ñ!¯9¾0±ÂGÑ!³JÂ_¯kÀ±_½T°$ÁÀ»T¼»²Ì?À³JÂ(¿#`³I»TÑ4°$±G¾F½|¾0³T¹{º2»²g±G\äkÒ$ÂG¿#¼_½T²Ýs°±G$³J¼ Â|À²¿#¿¼/½T!¯À½¼¹{¯9» Â(À»¼G¼'² $ÂG±G½° á ³²g³KÀ¼¼G¾I´²À?³2»T³K³2»Ñ!°±¾F½| 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Premiers résultats d« ÀR±´$¾0³¼ÂG±G»´\²¾0³ ½¼´$¿#»¼OÂ$±G¼¼OÂÏkÀ¼°¼»±¿#4±À¯¯9¾0±O½¼`´|ÐkÀ±Gü½$¼¯kÀ½¼À½ÎéGÀ´$³2ÂG¼Í ×o¾0»±j´$$ÂGÂG_±À²¼G¾0³b¹¿¬~о0Ñ!¾0Ã0°$³°²Â°/½T_¿À±G°$¯s¾³¼G_½$¼j½²Ýs°±³J¼j¯kÀ½T¼oé¾0»_»³F±GÞ¿#]²Ñ4¯9¾0±ÂÀ³J ¼G»±¿@¬À?¿#Ã0¾0±²ÂGÐÑ4i½R±G$´¾0³T¼Â±»´$ÂG²#¾0³bÍ^¸g³ ¯kÀ±O²´»¿²#±$¹g¿ÀK±G°¯9¾0³¼RÀ»I®ÁÀ²Ï¿#$¼4´|ÐÀ±GÃ0$¼¯9»T $±i¯9±½»¿¾0±G¼½4¿¬;À¯¯¿²#´=Àp²#¾³½>¬;»T³+¼G$»²#¿°¿´$ÂG±G¾0³T²#º2»4ÂG±G¾0¯eÐkÀ»TÂÍdÓ]À³¼´$i´À¼¹d²#¿D¯9»T À±G±²Ì0$±¹Q¯kÀ±jÉ®T$Ñ4¯T¿#¹kº2»>¬~»³¼G²Â»kÀ?ÂG²#¾0³F²³²ÂG²À¿/¼ÔIÑ!°$ÂG±G²#º2»(´¾³½»²¼GÚ!½$¼/±°¯9¾0³¼G$¼º2»²t³ ´¾0³¼±OÌ0³J¯kÀ¼4´\ÂG ¼ÔIÑ4°\±²#Í^·^´$²]¯9»TÂÀ±G±²Ì0$±i¼²»³ ¯À½>¹ºI»T²/¯9¾0¼G¼Ò½R»T³ ϱG»²Âi¯T¿#»¼ °¿#\Ì0°ºI»T¿¼MÀ»TÂG±G¼$¹Q¼Â¿#_¼»¿oÚ³¯kÀ¼M¯kÀ¼G¼±M¿#¼G$»²#¿@¹k´¾0Ñ!Ñ!_´¿#À!$¼Â¼G´|а$ÑiÀp²#¼°¼G»±M¿À á Ã0»±(ãTÍ ï Í ì_±$¹S²#¿0$¼Âo¾0ϼ±Ì°vº2»¿#gÏT±G»²Ât°¿#$´$ÂG±G¾0³²º2»D¼Âo½°$¯s$³½kÀ³JÂo½D¿ÀHÂ|À²¿#¿½$¼o¯kÀ?½¼ÍΫtÀcÌÀ?±G²À?ϲ#¿²Â° ¼ÔI¼ÂG°Ñ4À?²ºI»T(½T_´¼j¯kÀ?±ÀÑ!Ò$ÂG±G¼c´$¾0³½»T²Âj½¾0³T´Ú»³¼ÂG±G»´\»±(³T¾0³Fо0Ñ!¾0Ã0Ò³T]½¼j³²Ì0À» ® öã ½ ϱG»²Âi½T¼½²Ýb°$±G³JÂG¼¯kÀ½¼$ÍH×oÀ±´¾³¼G°$ºI»T³´$¹c¿#$¼i³²Ì0À» ®½R¼G$»²#¿¼À¯T¯¿#²ºI»T°¼iÌ?À±²#³J¹ ¯»T²#¼Gº2»>¬~²#¿¼c¼G¾0³J¯±G¾¯s¾0±O²¾0³³$¿#¼jÀ» ®ÏT±G»²Â¼j¯kÀ±j¯kÀ½bÍ9¶¿t²Ñ4¯9¾0±ÂG]½¾0³T´½(¯±³½±$³ ´$¾0Ñ4¯  ´$¼cÌ?À±G²#Àϲ#¿²ÂG°¼^¿¾0±G¼^½¼M½²Ýs°±³JÂ$¼j°$»T½¼$Í ×d¾0»±H´$¿À ¹T¿#$¼^³²Ì0À» ®½T_¯²#°$½¼OÂ|À» ®i$Âj½T]ϱG»T²Â¼^»T²¿#²#¼°¼½kÀ³¼c´$$ÂÂ]¼²#Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³!¼G¾0³JÂjÏkÀ¼°¼ ¼»±]½$¼ á ´|в±G¼/Ñ4$¼G»±°¼_¼G»T±]»³Rº2»kÀ±OÂ_½¯T¿À³R±°$¿²#¼¼G»¼/½¼/ÂG¼O¼_º2»²¼±¾0³JÂ_¯±G°$¼G$³2ÂG°¼(À» ´|ÐkÀ?¯²ÂG±GíTÍ{·^¼³²Ì=À»I®¼G¾0³J¯±°¼³J°$¼¹t¯s¾»±_´|ÐkÀº2»Â|À?²#¿#¿½T¯kÀ½¼$¹{¼G»±_¿#À á Ã0»±ãÍñ Í>Ó/ ´$FÁÀ?²Â=¹¿#¼¯kÀ?±ÀÑ!Ò$ÂG±G¼°$¿#´\±¾0³²#º2»$¼!À²#³¼²c²#³J±¾ ½T»²ÂG¼½kÀ³¼¿À¼²#Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³+¯±°¼³JÂ$³2Âi»³ ²³Ð¾0Ñ!¾0Ã0°$³°²Â°/\ÂM»³¼ÂG±G»´\»±±°=À¿²#¼ÂG¼$Í «g¬~²#³J±¾ ½»T´$²¾0³R½>¬~»³½T²#¼ÂG±G²Ï»T²¾0³¼]±°$¿#¿#½¼¯²°½$¼ÂÀ» ®\Â_½¼Ï±»²ÂG¼]±G°$¼G»¿Â$³e»³°$¿À±8Ë Ã0²¼G¼Ñ!³J½i¿À,±°¼¾0¿#»TÂG²#¾0³e³+Ñ4À¼¼G½» Υ ½ î ù,nTú ?´ \³+»T³ÏkÀ²¼G¼½>¬~ !´=À´$²ÂG°½ î ¹ ö ô¹k´¾0Ñ!Ñ4/´¿#À¼ÂMÑ!¾0³J±°Ñ4¾³2ÂG±G°_¼»±j¿À á Ã0»±ãÍ;ãFÍ 2 4.4. Simulation des défaillances d’éléments critiques. ·^¾0Ñ!Ñ!´$¿#À&Àe°\°½°´$±G²Â³²#³J±¾ ½T»´$ÂG²#¾0³>¹g¿ä¾Âi½b¬;²³TÁy¾0±GÑ4À?ÂG²#¾0³¼$¹z½$¯»²#¼!¿#$¼4½T°¯9Þ¼4½¼ |´ ÐkÀ?±GÃ0$¼]¼G»±¿#$¼/¯kÀ½T¼é»¼Gº2»>¬;Úi¿@¬;$³±G$Ã0²#¼O±G$Ñ4$³JÂ]¼G»T±/½²¼Gº2»¼¾0»¼/Áy¾0±Ñ4(³2»Ñ!°±G²º2»`$¼Â_¼O±G»T´\Ë ÂG»±G°$³K½T²Ýs°±G$³J¼_³²Ì0=À?» ®½±Ã0±¾0»¯9Ñ!³J½¿@¬;²³TÁy¾0±GÑ4À?ÂG²#¾0³>¹T¼G»±_½$¼°¿#°$Ñ4$³J¼]´$¾0Ñ4Ñ`»³¼ ÅyÑ4¾0³JÂG±G°¼g½À³¼g¿#^¼G´|а$ÑiÀãÍè ¹0¯kÀà öø ÆÉÍ2·^$ÂÂj¼ÂG±G»´\»±M²Ñ4¯T¿#²#º2»º2»>¬~»³4½ Ô ¼OÁy¾0³´\²#¾³³Ñ!³J À»F³²Ì0À»F½>¬;»T³,´$¾0Ñ4¯9¾0¼GÀ³JÂj³J±GÀ ³_¿#À¯s$±ÂG(½T]¾0»TÂG¼j¿#$¼c²#³TÁy¾±GÑ4À?²¾0³¼^º2»²{$³F½°¯9³½T³JÂ=Í Ó/²Ì0$±G¼H¼´°³À±G²¾0¼H½]¯À³³$¼c¼G¾0³JÂc½¾³´]³JÌI²#¼GÀÃ0°$¼c$Âc»³T]°$ÂG»½_¼ÔI¼O°Ñ4À?ÂG²#º2»]½/¿#»T±H²#Ñ!¯kÀ´\ ¼»±¿¼(À¿Ã0¾0±G²ÂÐÑ!¼/½4±´$¾0³¼ÂG±G»´\²¾0³e$¼Â°$ÂG»½²#°$Íd«{¼(¼G²Ñ»¿Àp²#¾³¼]³JÌI²#¼GÀÃ0°$¼`²´²g¯9¾0±ÂG³J ½¾³´j¼G»±D½$¼v¯kÀ?³³¼DÁy±À?³´|м$¹2´¬~¼ÂHÚ_½²#±M´$¿¿#¼g¾ 4¿¼gÌ0¾0²¼D´¾³¼G²½°±°¼±G$³JÌ0¾0²³JÂvÂG¾0»pé¾0»T±G¼ »³T/Ì?À¿#$»±v³2»¿¿#M¯s¾»±^¿#À´|ÐkÀ±Ã0Í·^´$²>´¾0±±G$¼G¯9¾0³½½¾0³T´]Ú`»³T]¯s$±ÂG/¾ÂÀ¿#M½>¬~²#³TÁy¾±GÑ4À?²¾0³$ ³¾³,Ú»³½°$Ã0±À?½kÀ?²¾0³¯kÀ±O²¿#¿/½´$¿#¿\Ën´²Í ·^\ÂGÂD½$¼G´$±G²#¯ ²#¾³]ÁÀ²ÂtÀ?¯¯kÀ±GÀ #ÂG±GzÐ2»²Â{ÂÔ ¯9¼t½>¬~°¿°Ñ!³J¼$¹SÑiÀ?²#¼>´|ÐkÀ?´»³(½>¬~³J±v$» ®¼OÂd¯±G°$¼G³J $³K¯T¿#»¼²#»T±G¼\® Ñ!¯¿#À²#±¼¹s¯s¾»±_¯s$±GÑ!$±G¿#À¿#´\»±½Â¾0» ¼¿¼]Ì0¾²#¼°$¿#´\±¾0³²#º2»$¼Ít«{ ³¾ÑϱGD¾?Â|À¿2½>¬~°¿°Ñ!³J¼o½²Ýs°±³J¼z¯T±G°¼³J¼½kÀ³¼o¿À´|ÐÀ ³v½^¿´\»±^½v¿Àj¯±G$Ñ4²Ò±G¼ÂÀ?²¾0³ $¼ÂM±G°$¼G»Ñ!°½kÀ³¼j¿#]ÂÀÏ¿=À»FãÍ;ñT¹¯kÀ?Ã0 ö0ö Í ·^Â|ÀÏT¿#=À?»,Ñ!¾0³J±º2»(¿#¾ÂÀ¿{½»,³¾0Ñϱ½b¬;°$¿#°Ñ!³JÂG¼½²Ýb°$±G$³2ÂG¼$¼Â/¼G»¯9°±²#»T±/Ú ï è TÍk¶¿ $¼Â_´$¿À²±Mº2»>¬~²#¿d³>¬~¼OÂ_³²¯9¾0¼¼G²#ÏT¿#¹Q³²o»T²¿#½>¬~³J±¯±³½T±G»³°\»½T¼ÔI¼ÂG°Ñ4À?²º2»½`ÂG¾0»TÂG¼ ´$¼!¯kÀ³³$¼¹$Â!Ñ!¾0²#³¼$³´¾±G½ÂG¾0»TÂG¼!¿#¼´$¾0Ñϲ³kÀ²#¼¾0³¼½¯kÀ³T³¼$ÍvÊM³¯±Ñ!²#$±Â±À=Ì?À²¿ À½¾³´´¾0³T¼G²#¼O°ڴ|о0²¼G²±¹b¯À±GÑ!²oÂG¾0»TÂ$¼_´$¼(¯9¾0¼¼G²#ÏT²#¿#²Â°$¼¹Q»³¼G¾0»T¼($³¼G$ÑÏ¿¯s$±GÑ!$ÂGÂÀ³J½ ±¯±°¼G$³J±i¿¬~$Ýs$½T¼i½T°$ÁÀ²¿#¿À?³´$¼!´À±À?´$°$±G²¼Â²º2»¼$¹^Ú&´|ÐÀº2»R°´|ÐT¿#¿ÍvÓ]À³¼4¿ÀK¼G»²Â¹D¿¼ ±ÒÃ0¿¼jÀ=ÔJÀ³JÂM´¾³½»²ÂMÚ!¿#À½° á ³T²Â²¾0³½$¼¼²#Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³¼v¼G¾0³JÂM½°´$±G²Â¼$ÍQ«{]Â|ÀÏ¿=À»FãÍ~㹯ÀÃ0 ö ð ±°¼G»TÑ4¿¬~³T¼GÑ`Ï¿#_½$¼j¼G²#Ñ`»¿À?ÂG²#¾0³T¼H$Ýs´\»°$¼Í 4.5. Simulations des défaillances aux petites échelles 4.5.1. Définition de la simulation ^· 4¯±G$Ñ4²±(³²Ì=À»&½i¯kÀ?³³i¯9¾0±OÂi¼»±`¿¼ °$¿#°Ñ!³JÂG¼v´$¾0³J±GÞ¿À³JÂvÀ»i¯T¿#»¼víã̾0²#$¼v°$¿#$´$±¾0³²ºI»T¼Í Ó]À³T¼^´$¼^´À¼¹I¿À¯±G¾¯s¾0±O²¾0³½/¿@¬À´$´$¯ Ë ÂÀ³JÂÃ0°¾Ñ4°\±G²º2»_²#³T仳´$°¯kÀ±j¿#À¯kÀ³³°\»½²°¼OÂM½¿¬~¾0±G½±_½Ã0±À?³½»T±M½T»,±GÀ¯¯9¾0±Â ô »±OÁÀ´½$¼M̾0²#$¼j³¯kÀ³³ 67, 7 ô »T±ÁÀ´$(½T¼cÌ0¾0²¼j¯kÀ±c¯T¿À³ = 2, 7.10 ' 0, 25% À»FÑ4Àp® ²#Ñ»TÑ Åy¯s¾0»T±c¿#¼ù,µ/È/Ê ´¾³2ÂG±GÞ0¿#À³JÂj¿#$¼c¯kÀ½¼M½Ã0±À?³½¼j½²Ñ4$³¼G²¾0³¼Æ Définition de l’échelle de la simulation 4 öè File data/pedestal_1.dat 2003-04-04 11:17:08 hst Entries 300 250 64 Mean 29.65 RMS 17.61 Underflow 0 Overflow 0 Integral 200 File data/noise_1.dat 2003-04-04 11:18:03 1 0.8 1.486e+04 0.6 hst Entries 150 0.4 100 50 0 30.24 RMS 18.38 Underflow Overflow 0.2 0 10 20 30 Ì°Í Î¨ÞÑÉÕÆ×MÕÅßDÐæÍ#Üsß×ÕÆß6Ïà 40 t4á 50 60 ×MÕRNÛÍCâ.ØÙÕ y File data/pedestal_2.dat 0 10 20 Ì+ÝÎ 2003-04-04 11:17:32 hst Entries 350 Integral 0 30 ÔÒÜÑ Ðæß×MÕÆßÏà z 40 t á 50 Mean 31.43 RMS 18.24 250 Overflow Underflow Integral 0 60 ×MÕRNÉÍCâÆØPÙÕ y File data/noise_2.dat 2003-04-04 11:18:26 0 1 0.8 hst 0.6 Entries 150 0.4 100 30.09 RMS 18.45 Overflow 0.2 50 Integral 20 30 ÌãPÆÎ¨ÞÑÉÕÆ×ÕÆßNÐÒÍ#ÜußÊ×MÕÅßÏà 40 t á 50 0 60 0 ×MÕRNÛÍBâÆØPÙÕ 2003-04-04 11:17:46 hst Entries 400 350 Mean 31.28 RMS 17.65 Overflow Integral 250 z 20 30 ÔÒÜÑ Ðæß×MÕÆßÏà 40 t á 50 60 ×MÕRNÉÍCâÆØPÙÕ File data/noise_3.dat 2003-04-04 11:18:46 1 0 0.8 hst 0.6 150 Entries 0.4 30.01 RMS 18.43 Overflow 0.2 50 20 30 ̰ÕÅΨÞÑÉÕÆ×ÕÆßNÐÒÍ#ÜußÊ×MÕÅßÏà 40 t á 50 60 ×MÕRNÛÍBâÆØPÙÕ 0 Integral 0 10 ÌÚTæÎ z 20 30 ÔqÜÑÈÐÒß×ÕÆßÏà 40 t4á 50 ×MÕRNÛÍCâ.ØÙÕ 64 Mean Underflow 100 10 0 56.46 0 1.453e+04 200 0 0 64 Underflow 300 10 ̰×wÎ File data/pedestal_3.dat 0 64 Mean Underflow 10 0 53.44 1.604e+04 200 0 0 64 300 0 64 Mean 0 0 61.05 60 9ãÍ;ñTÍÖTúÀ¿»±¼z½¼g¯T²#°½T¼ÂÀ» ®$Âg½$¼gϱG»T²Â¼»T²¿#²#¼°¼o½kÀ³¼z¿#À/¼G²Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³>Íp·^¼gÌ?À¿»±¼¼G¾³2 ½²±G´\Â$Ñ4$³2ÂÑ!¼G»T±G°$¼¼»±M¿¬~°¿#$´$ÂG±G¾0³²º2»_½>¬~»³ º2»kÀ±OÂM½¯T¿À³eųT¾0³ ËÏ9³T½²#³ÃJÆ\¹º2»² À°$°_ÂG¼ÂG°¼G¾0»¼jÁÀ²¼G´À»>Í öí ä ³B¬³åh¢$Wæç¹è³8¢êéçëçæY¢Y }£4ì88¢Yª}ëí³ê¤S®CD 1400 Efficacite = 84,8 % 1200 1000 Resolution = 108,3 MeV/c ³0¹}¸BìBëY©«³B¡¨¢$Wæç¹ hInvMassRes Entries 8905 Mean 9.566 RMS 0.1515 Underflow 2 18 Overflow 800 8887 χ2 / ndf 25.67 / 8 Constant Mean 400 0 Integral Prob 600 Sigma 0.001196 1574 ± 22.29 9.573 ± 0.001228 0.1083 ± 0.001066 200 0 8 ³B¬³åh¢$Wæç¹è³8¢îéçëçæW+¢Y Masse invariante autour du Upsilon Masse invariante autour du Upsilon 1600 ä ¡W+¢+}£4¯ hInvMassRes 1600 1400 Efficacite = 83,1 % 1200 Resolution = 109,3 Mev/c 2 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 2 Masse invariante (Mev/c ) 9.565 RMS 0.1531 26 Overflow 3 8754 Integral 800 χ2 / ndf 42.6 / 8 Prob 600 1.044e-06 1526 ± 22.18 Constant 400 200 8.5 8783 Mean Underflow 1000 0 8 Entries 8.5 9 9.5 10 Mean 9.572 ± 0.001256 Sigma 0.1093 ± 0.001132 10.5 11 kãÍ~ãÍÖQ¸gÝs$½T¿¬~²#³J±¾ ½»T´$²¾0³ ½T¼_Ì?À¿#$»±G¼]±°$¿#¿#$¼_½¼_ÏT±G»²Â¼_$½T¼_¯²°½$¼Â|À?» ®½kÀ³T¼_¿À ¼G²#Ñ`»¿À?ÂG²#¾0³bÍo«tÀ±G°$¼G¾0¿»T²¾0³ ¼OÂ4°$¿À±Ã0²#i½ î ùnú[?´ $Â!¿@¬;P4´À´²Â°$¼Â!½²#Ñ!²#³2»°$ ½ î ¹ ö ôÍt«{¼(±G°¼»¿ÂÀ?¼½¿#À á Ã0»±G½!ÃJÀ»T´|мG¾0³J¾0ÏTÂ$³2»¼`À=Ì´i¿#ÀÃ0°¾Ñ4°\±G² ½°$ÂÀ²#¿¿#°?¹ ½T°´±²ÂGÀ?»´|ÐÀ¯²ÂG±G(ñTÍ 2 ÈM¾0Ñϱ ½>¬~¾0ÏIé\ ßD¿°Ñ!³J ½kÀ³¼j¿#À ·^¾Ñ4Ñ!³JÂ|À?²#±G ¼ÂÀ?²¾0³ î ·c· ã ÊM³R·HÇHì(·HÊ/ô¯kÀ?±c½Ñ!²Ën´|ÐkÀÑÏ±Í Â»T±G¼&¯À±e·HÇcì·HÊ]ô÷´$¾0³´$³J±GÀ?Â$»± Ó_ôT×· ø ¼ï ¾0²Ó_ ôT× ´$¾0³´$³JÓ_±ôTÀp× ´$¾0³´$³J±Àp»T±G¼Í 4×2=8 è H · À ± G  D ¼ y Á G ± 0 ¾ J ³  À # ¿ $ v ¼ k ¯ ? À ·Hò ï ´À±ÂG¼cÁy±G¾³2ÂÀ¿#$¼Í ±´À±ÂG]·HÇHì(·HÊ/ôs¹I¼G¾0²Â 4 × 5 = 20 Ó_ôT×Dò ã Ó]ï ôTÓ_×ôT× Áy±G¾0Áy³J±G¾0ÂÀ³J» ÂÀ®s» Í ®e¯kÀ±(´=À±OÂ!Áy±G¾0³JÂ|À?¿#¹t¼¾0²Â 2 × 20 = 40 Ï»¼M×sµgæM·HÄ î ð ï ×9ï ãµgæMÏT»·H¼`Ä×9Í µgæM·HÄ ¯À±_º2»kÀ½±GÀ³JÂ=¹t¼G¾0²Â 24 × 8 = 192 Ï»¼ ù,µ]ÈÊ ñ0í ø ãJ½Tè¾0î³´ ù,µ/È/ʯÀ±º2»kÀ½T±ù,À³Jµ]ÂgÇc\ ·óî Å@ù,À» µ/Â|ÀÇc³J·+ÂM¯k½À±gù,ùµ]µ]ÈÈ/Ê]Ê(ÆÉ¹Í ¼¾0²Â 451 × 8 = 3608 µ]Ó_· ¯kÀ±Mùµ]Çc·Ü¼¾0²Âj½T¾0³´ 3608 × 2 = 7216 µ/Ó_·/Í ö0ï î í ï µ/Ó_·Ü ù,µ]ÈMµ_ô î ã0ãJñ ï ï ù,µ/ȵ]ô¯kÀ±cµ/Ó_·Ü¼¾0²Â 7216 × 2 = 14432 ù,µ]ÈMµ_ôsÍ Â¾ÂÀ¿ ï è0è ï x`y!z{QãÍ;ñTÍÖkȾÑϱG½>¬~¾0ÏIé\¼²#³½²ÌI²#½»$¿#¼]¯T±G°¼³J¼½kÀ³¼(¿À¼OÂ|À?ÂG²#¾0³ î ¹{¯9¾0»±´|ÐkÀº2»!°¿°Ñ!³J é»Ã0°´$±G²ÂG²#º2»?Í ö0ö Pads MARC MANAS Préamplification, mise en forme et multiplexage analogique de 16 voies. ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñï ñïðñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï MANU ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñï ñïðñð ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñï ñïðñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï òð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óò ñï ñïðñð ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï òð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óò ñï ñïðñð ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï 110100... ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï òð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óò ñï ñïðñð ñð ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï òð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óò ñï ñïðñð ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï 110100... ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï òð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óò ñï ñïðñð ñð ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï òð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óð ï óò ñï ñïðñð ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ò ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñï ñïðñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñï ñïðñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ADCs ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñï ñïðñð ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï Digitalisation ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñï ñïðñð ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñð ï ñï ñïðñð Controle des MANAS et ADC, stockage des piedestaux et supression de zéro. Dialogue avec l’acquisition. 9ãÍè ÍÖQô ´|а$ÑiÀF½$¼½²Ýb°$±G$³2ÂG¼³²Ì=À» ®K½T!±Ã0±¾0»¯9Ñ!³JÂ(½¼(²#³ Áy¾0±GÑ4À?²¾0³¼$Íb«g¬~²#Ñ4ÀÃ0½» ÐkÀ» ÂÑ4¾0³JÂG±G¿@¬;¾0±ÃJÀ³²¼À?ÂG²#¾0³eÚRÑ!¾ÎÔ³³T\ÂÃ0±GÀ³½°$´|п¿#¼Åy°´|Ð$¿#¿¼½±´$¾0³¼OË Â±»´$ÂG²#¾0³kÆHÂÀ³½²¼º2»(¿À á Ã0»T±G(½» ÏkÀ?¼½°$´±²Â¿¬~¾0±GÃJÀ?³²#¼GÀ?²¾0³½»äk¾Â½½T¾0³³°$¼]Ú ¯9$²Â_°$´|п¿#4Ű$´|п¿#_¿#¾I´=À?¿#SÆ öø Niveau 1 (performances intrinsèques de la première chambre) Type panne de N◦ Élément Simulations - niveau 1 (performances intrinsèques de la première chambre) Plan contenant la panne haute résolution ◦ N de zone 1 2 3 MANAS 1 X X X ADC 1 X X X MARC - X X X Niveau 2 (seconde chambre désactivée) Type de panne ·Hò résolu2 X X X Les deux 3 X X X 1 X X 2 X X 3 X X ç^±À?³´|ÐÑ!³J N◦ Élément Branchement Bus PATCH 4 DSPF 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 DSPC 1 2 1 basse tion 1 X X X 1 X X X X X X X X X 2 D å å å ñ Ó ã Ó Ó Ó å Ó Ó Ó Ó Niveau 3 (seconde chambre activée) å Ó Type de panne Ó å å å Ó å Ó å Ó Ó å å Ó 1 X å ô Ó 2 Ó Ó ñ ã Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó Ó x`y!z{QãÍ~ãÍÖk«{²#¼OÂ`½T¼]¼²#Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³¼c\Ýb$´$»T°¼$Í{ʳéå ²#³T½²#º2»(»³¼²#Ñ»T¿À?ÂG²#¾0³F$Ýs´\»°$ÍbÓ]À³¼ ¿#$¼]À» ±G$¼/´À¼¹9¿À¼G²Ñ»¿Àp²#¾³³b¬;$¼Â]¯À¼ÁÀ²Â?¹k¼G¾0²Â/¯kÀ?±G´º2»`¿#À!¼OÔ Ñ!°$ÂG±G²`½»,¼ÔI¼OË ÂÒ$Ñ4_¯9±Ñ4\Âc½>¬~»T²¿#²¼G±v»³À» ±G_¼²#Ñ»T¿À?ÂG²#¾0³ Å´À¼c¼G²Ã0³kÀ¿°¼H¯kÀ?±H»³,ôÆ\¹T¼G¾0²Âc¯kÀ±´ º2»>¬~»³ÛÀ?»T±¼G´|а$ÑiÀ ½Ï±GÀ³´|Ð$Ñ4$³JÂF½¾0³³¿²#$» Ú+»³¼G²Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³²½³JÂG²#º2» Å´À¼³¾Â°MÓ_ÆÉÍ2¸g³ á ³>¹J»³T´À¼GcÌI²#½j¼²#Ã0³² á cº2»M¿À]¼G²Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³´¾±G±G$¼G¯9¾0³½kÀ?³2ÂG³b¬À ¯kÀ¼M½¼G³T¼/¯ÐJÔI¼G²ºI»TÍs«t$¼±GÀ²#¼¾0³¼MÀ=ÔJÀ³JÂ/Ã0»²#½T°(¿´|о0²®½T´$¼M¼G²#Ñ`»¿À?ÂG²#¾0³T¼c¼G¾0³J \® ¯¿²#º2»°$¼M½kÀ³¼j¿#$¼c¼G$´$²¾0³¼À¯¯±¾0¯±²#°$¼Í ·c· X S X Ó Ó å å Ó ·c· Ó å å Branchement DSPC 1 2 1 Ó ç^±À?³´|ÐÑ!³J N◦ Élément öð /Ó »ÁÀ²Â½j¿ÀÁÀ²Ï¿#^¯s¾0±O°$c½c´$¼¯À³³$¼¹J¿¬~°$ÂG»½c¯9¾0±ÂGc¼G»±g¿@¬;\ÁË Áy$¿#¾I´=À?¿o½$¼½²Ì±G¼¼½°\ÁÀ²#¿¿À³´$¼¼G»±_¿¼_¯9±Áy¾±GÑ4À³´$¼]½¿¬;À¿Ã0¾0±G²ÂÐÑ!_½±G$´¾0³T¼Â±»´$ÂG²#¾0³ ½¼M¯s¾²#³J¼j½>¬~²#Ñ!¯kÀ´\Â=ÍÓ/À³¼M´¼M°$ÂG»½$¼¹Q¿À¯9¾0¼G²Â²#¾³½¿¬~°¿#°$Ñ4$³JÂj³¯kÀ³³³>¬;À¯kÀ¼j½>¬~²#Ñ!¯s¾0±8Ë Â|À³´$¹o½kÀ³¼¿À,Ñ!¼»±G4¾ +¼»¿¿¬~$Ýs$ ÐxÎs½¿ ÐH½i¿#À,¯kÀ?³³i$¼Â±´|Ð$±G´|а?Íg«tÀ,Â|À?²#¿#¿½¼¯kÀ½¼ é¾0»j¯kÀ±g´$¾0³J±Gc»T³4±Þ0¿#Hº2»>¬~²#¿ ÁÀ»TÂD¯±³½±j³!´¾0Ñ!¯TÂc\ÂD¿¬~°$ÂG»½c¼O½¾0³´HÁÀ²ÂH¯9¾0»±g´|ÐÀ´»³T ½¼½²Ñ4$³¼G²¾0³¼_½¯kÀ?½¼Ít×oÀ±À²#¿¿#$»±G¼$¹s¿ÁÀ²Â/ºI»T!¿!ù,µ]ÈÊ´¾0³¼²#½°$±G°¼¾0²ÂϱGÀ³´|а¼»±¿# ¯¿À³Ï9³½T²#³ÃF¾0»³¾0³KÏ9³½²³ÃF¼OÂ`À?»¼G¼²DÚ¯±³½T±G³K´¾0Ñ!¯TÂGÍ{«{¼¼²#Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³¼¼G¾0³JÂ(½¾0³´ $Ýs´$ÂG»°$¼/¯9¾0»±c´|ÐkÀ?´»³,½¼M¯¿À?³¼Í Grandeurs pertinentes ³JÌI²#¼À?Ã0°¼(Ö Simulations effectuées Ó]À³¼¿À¯±G$Ñ4²Ò±(°\»½T¹9ºI»À?±(ÂÔI¯9¼/½T¼²Â»À?²¾0³¼c¼G¾³2½¾0³T´  ¾0»TÂG¼j¿#$¼cÌ0¾0²¼j°¿´$ÂG±G¾0³T²#º2»¼j±°¯9¾0³½$³2ÂM³¾±GÑ4À¿#$Ñ4$³2ÂÍ ¿¼ î í/̾0²#$¼gº2»²¿#»T²T¼G¾³2ÂÀ?¼G¼G¾I´²°$¼±³JÌ0¾²#³JÂgÂG¾0»pé¾0»±¼g»³HÌ?À¿»±z³2»¿¿#?Í MANAS en panne ¿¼(ñ ï Ì0¾0²¼(±G$Ã0±G¾0»T¯s°$¼(½kÀ³¼(´\Â`°$¿#°Ñ!³JÂ(±G°$¯s¾³½³J¼ÔI¼ÂG°Ñ4À?²º2»Ñ!³J ADC en panne TÍ ¿#$¼oí?ãM̾0²#$¼o½»ù,µ]Èʱ³JÌ0¾²#³JÂo¿ÀcÌ?À¿#$»6± TÍp«g¬;°\»½Tv½´DÂÔI¯s Tout le MANU en panne ½i¯À³³!ÃJÀ±½4»T³+¼G$³¼`½kÀ?³¼`¿#ÀFÑ!¼»±G4¾ &´|ÐÀº2»i´|ÐkÀ?ÑϱG4¯s¾¼G¼GÒ$½ ï ÁÀ´$¼`\Â`¾ ¿¬;Àϼ³´$`½>¬~²#³TÁy¾±GÑ4À?²¾0³F¼G»±¿¬~»³(½>¬;$³J±G¿¿#¼M¯9»T $ÂG±G¹9½kÀ³T¼/»³´$±Â|À?²#³(Ñ4$¼G»±¹ ¯kÀ¿¿#²#°$c¯kÀ±¿¬~²#³TÁy¾±GÑ4À?²¾0³½M¿¬;À»TÂG±GcÁÀ´ÅyÂG¾0»TÂvÀ»iÑ!¾0²³¼D½kÀ³¼¿[À ¾0³T½¯s\²¼D¯kÀ½¼Æ\Í ·^ÐkÀ´»T³½´$¼°\»½$¼À °$ÂG°$Ýs´\»°$¼G»± ±G°$Ã0²#¾0³T¼`½iÂG¼O½²Ýs°±³JÂ$¼´¾±G±G$¼G¯9¾0³½kÀ?³2 À» ® Muq£ ÂÀ²#¿¿#¼½¯kÀ½¼!$Â4À» ® ©¹ ÂÔI¯s£@$D¼i¹ ½ÁÀ´$¼!\® ²#¼OÂ|À³J Ŵ$´$²À½¾0³T³°,¿²#$»Ú½ ³¾0Ñϱ»¼¼M¼G²Ñ»¿Àp²#¾³¼¹ ºI»T²{¼G¾0³JÂM±G°$¼G»Ñ!°$¼½kÀ?³¼j¿#]Â|À?Ï¿#À»FãÍ;ãJÆ\Í «t$¼,½T¾0³³°$¼ ½TeÏkÀ?¼GK¼G¾0³JÂ,¾0ÏTÂ$³2»¼³Ü³JÌ0¾SÔJÀ?³2ÂR»³ªÁÀ?²#¼G´$=À»ª¯¿#À?½ѻ¾0³¼,Ú Â±À=̱G¼ ¿#Ã0°$³°±GÀ?Â$»±4½Tµ¿#²#ÇM¾I¾Â=¹d¼G»T±!»T³Áy³³ \±GF½¾³2Â!¿¼½²#Ñ!³T¼G²#¾³¼´¾±G±G$¼G¯9¾0³½$³JÂÀ»I®X¯kÀ½¼ ´¾0³³T´$ÂG°¼À»ù,µ]ÈÊ Úi°$ÂG»½²±Íb·^¯±¾ á ¿d½`ÁÀ²¼G´$=À»R$¼Â_´|ÐT¾0²#¼²o¯9¾0»±½²#¼O±G²Ï»$±¿äk» ®,½ Ñ»¾0³¼½MÁÀâ¾0³4о0Ñ!¾0Ã0Ò$³j¼G»±v¿À_¼G»±OÁÀ´½»ùµ]È/ʪ´¾0³T¼G²#½T°±G°?ÍT«{$¼v½²Ýb°$±G$³2ÂG¼v°$Â|À?¯s$¼^½M¿À ¼G²#Ñ`»¿À?ÂG²#¾0³(¼G¾³2ÂÀ?¿#¾0±¼$Ýs´\»°$¼jÖð³°$±À?ÂG²#¾0³½T¼z±GÀ´$¼¹ÂG±À³T¼G¯9¾0±Â½¼g¯kÀ?±Â²´»¿¼$¹²#¾³²#¼GÀ?²¾0³ ½kÀ³¼¿#ÃJÀ !½!¿À´|ÐkÀÑ`ϱG?¹dð³°$±À?ÂG²#¾0³K½»&¼²#Ã0³À¿g¼G»±(¿#$¼´=À?ÂGо ½T¼¹d½²Ã0²ÂÀ¿#²¼À?ÂG²#¾0³$³ á ³ ±G´|ÐT±G´|ÐT4½`Ã0±G¾0»T¯s$¼]½¯kÀ½T¼/¾0»T´|а¼4Å´$¿#»¼OÂ$±G¼|ÆM$Â_±´¾³³kÀ²¼G¼À?³´½$¼_¯s¾²#³J¼]½T¯kÀ¼¼ÀÃ0 ½¿À¯kÀ±O²#´$»¿#?Í Situation nominale 4.5.2. Résultats des simulations Efficacité de reconstruction des clusters D« ¬~ !´À´²Â°R½,±G$´¾0³¼O±»´$ÂG²#¾0³ $¼Â½T° á ³² ½kÀ?³¼»³ ¯T±GÑ!²#$±!ÂGÑ!¯¼i´$¾0Ñ!Ñ4¿#±À¯T¯s¾0±O½» ³¾0Ñϱ]½>¬~°$̰³$Ñ4$³2ÂG¼½T¾0³³kÀ³JÂc¿²#$»Ú¿À`±´$¾0³³kÀ²¼G¼GÀ³´_½b¬;»³´$¿#»¼OÂ$±c»³²#º2»/¼G»±c¿/³¾0Ñ`ϱG ½>¬;°\Ì0°$³Ñ!³J¼o³D´¾0Ñ!¯9¾0±ÂÀ³JÂ>º2»>¬~»³D±À?´Í=«t$¼t°$Ì0°$³Ñ!³JÂG¼À=ÔJÀ?³2Âd½¾³³°D¿#²»_Úc¿ÀHð³°$±À?ÂG²#¾0³ ½]¯kÀ±O²´»¿¼¼G´$¾0³½kÀ?²#±G$¼H¼G¾³2Â^½¾0³´/\® ´¿»¼Í «tÀ á Ã0»±/ãÍ;í`Ñ!¾0³J±¿@¬;²³Täk»$³´½¼H½T²Ýs°±G$³J¼ ¯kÀ³³$¼¼»±j´\ÂGÂ(Ã0±GÀ³½$»±Í ¶¿kÀ¯¯kÀ?±À Âgº2»j¿#¼¯kÀ³³$¼D¼G»±D¿#^¯¿À³Ï9³T½²#³Ã_¾³2ÂD»T³!²Ñ4¯À´$ÂgÏT²#³¯T¿#»¼g²Ñ4¯9¾0±ÂÀ³JÂz¼»±g´\ÂG !´=À´$²ÂG°cºI»TH´$¿#¿#$¼z¼G»T±z¿#H¯T¿À³³T¾0³ ËÏ9³T½²#³ÃÅ ε ¯s$»TÂD½¼´$³½±GMÚ ï ôÿ½À³¼z¿^¯±Ñ!²#±o´=À¼ ´¾0³J± ø í ô ½kÀ³¼¿#¼G$´¾0³T½QÆ\Íb·^´$²o$¼Â³½ ÷À»FÁÀ²ÂMº2»(¿¬;À¿#þ0±G²ÂÐÑ!/½±G$´¾0³¼O±»´$ÂG²#¾0³+޾0³J ¿#M¯±G²³´²¯sj½MÁy¾0³´$ÂG²#¾0³T³Ñ!³JÂv¼Â^\® ¯¿²#º2»°À»i´|ÐkÀ?¯²ÂG±G ï ÆD²Ñ4¯T¿#°Ñ!³JÂG°M½À³¼^µ¿#²#ÇM¾I¾ÂzÂG±À²Â ½ÁÀâ$¾0³ ³T¾0³R¼ÔIÑ!°$ÂG±G²#º2»¿#$¼²³TÁy¾0±GÑ4À?ÂG²#¾0³¼^²#¼G¼»¼/½¼½» ®,¯¿#À³¼$¹9Ñ Ñ!(¯s¾0»T±¿¼ ¾0³$¼/½ ¯s\²ÂG¼j¯kÀ½¼j¾ F¿À¼Ã0Ñ!³JÂ|Àp²#¾³¼Â²#½T³J²ºI»T_¯s¾0»T±c´¼M½$» ®¯¿À?³¼Í ø rec εrec (%) 100 zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 90 80 70 60 50 Bending 40 30 20 10 0 nominal manas(16) adc(32) manu(64) objet en panne εrec (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 Non-bending zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 40 30 20 10 0 nominal manas(16) adc(32) εrec (%) 100 manu(64) objet en panne zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 90 80 70 60 50 Les deux plans cathodiques 40 30 20 10 0 nominal manas(16) adc(32) objet en panne kãÍ;íTÍÖk¶³Täk»$³´(½¿À¯kÀ?³³À»F¼G²³,½b¬;»³T(´À±ÂGù,µ]ÈÊÿ¼»±j¿¬~!´=À?´²ÂG°_½±G$´¾0³¼O±»´\Ë Â²#¾³½$¼z¯9¾0²#³J¼d½>¬~²#Ñ!¯kÀ´\Â=ÍpʳÂÔI¯sH½T^¯kÀ³T³cÀÏT²#³`¯¿#»¼d½>¬~²#³T仳´$H¼¬~²#¿I´¾³´$±G³ ¿#¼j¯kÀ?½¼½T» ¯¿#À³FÏs$³½²#³TÃRÅ á Ã0»±½»,ÐkÀ»TÂ|ÆHºI»T`³¾0³IËÏ9³½²³Ã Å á Ã0»T±G½» Ñ!²#¿²#$»QÆ\Í ×À±\® Ñ!¯¿#?¹s»T³µ]Ó_· ´¾³2ÂG±GÞ0¿#À³JÂ]½$¼]¯kÀ½T¼]½ $¾0³ î $³¯kÀ³³T¹b´$¾0³½»T²Â/Úi»³ !´=À´$²ÂG°R½ ö ¦ è ôý½kÀ³T¼¿#R¯±Ñ!²#$±i´=À?¼¹^´$¾0³J± ø0ø ô ½À³¼¿#,¼G$´¾0³½ª´=À?¼ÍH«tÀ Áy¾0±GÑ!i³¾³Ñ!¾0³¾?¾0³4½»XÃ0±À?¯Ð²#º2»i½kÀ³¼¿#4´=À¼½b¬;»³T¯À³³¼»±¿#¯T¿À³ ³¾³ Ë Ïs$³½²#³TÃiÑ!¾0³J±G(º2»¿³¾ÑϱG½Ì¾0²#$¼/´$¾0³J±GÞ¿#°$¼]¯kÀ±M»³R°$¿#°$Ñ4$³2Â/³>¬~¼Â]¯kÀ¼/¿ ¼G»T¿{¯kÀ±À?Ñ4Ò\±G_½T°$Â$±GÑ!²#³kÀ?³2Âj¿@¬;P !´=À´$²Â°_½T(±´$¾0³¼ÂG±G»´\²¾0³>Í øTî Position du point d’impact reconstruit Cas a − sans panne : la répartition de charges consuit à un seul point d’impact reconstruit Position du point d’impact reconstruit Position du point d’impact reconstruit ô õÓ ô õÓ ô õô õÓ ô õÓ ô õô õôÓõÓ Cas b − un pad en panne entouré de pads en état de marche. La meme situation conduit à la reconstruction de deux points d’impacts séparés. 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0 8335 119.7 / 23 4.72e-15 666.9 ± 10.15 4.857e-05 ± 4.385e-05 0.003788 ± 4.08e-05 300 20 200 10 0 -0.3 100 -0.2 -0.1 0 Ì°Í Î 0.1 0.2 0.3 Residu (cm) 0 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 -0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 Residu (cm) Ì+ÝÎ 9ãÍ î ñTÍÖkÓ/²¼ÂG±G²#ÏT»T²¾0³½$¼c±G°¼²#½»T¼c¼G»±c¿@¬Àp® ]½T_ÏkÀ¼G¼4Å@ÀJÆv\Âc½_ÐkÀ?»TÂ_±°¼G¾¿#»TÂG²#¾0³ÅyÏQÆv¯9¾0»± ¿#|À $¾0³ î ÍQÓ]À³T¼¿_¯±G$Ñ4²±c´=À?¼¹Q¿¬~±±G»T±M½T(º2»kÀ?³2ÂG² á ´À?²¾0³>¹k½¾³2ÂM¿#À½T²#¼ÂG±G²Ï»T²¾0³ $¼Â]¯T¿À?ÂG¹Q¼OÂ]¿À¯±²#³´$²#¯kÀ¿¼G¾0»±´½`±°¼G²½»¼$Íb×d¾0»±/¿@¬ÀήT(¯kÀ±GÀ¿#¿Ò¿À» ® á ¿#¼`ÅÏkÆ\¹ ¿¼c¯9¾0¼G²Â²#¾³¼c¼G¾0³JÂM´¾³2ÂG²#³2»$¼M\ÂM¿¬~±G±»±c$¼Â¯¿#»T¼c¯±G¾I´|н>¬~»³`Ù(À»T¼G¼G²³³TÍ ø0ø 0.3 0.2 0.1 hResidualVsRealX0 Entries 8338 Mean x 27.14 Mean y -0.001433 RMS x 0.819 RMS y 0.05989 0 0 0 0 8338 0 0 0 0 Integral 8338 Residu en fonction de la position du point d’impact Residu (cm) Residu (cm) Residu en fonction de la position du point d’impact hResidualVsRealY0 Entries 8338 Mean x 23.56 Mean y -4.553e-05 RMS x 2.003 RMS y 0.008315 0 0 0 0 8334 1 0 3 0 Integral 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Les deux plans cathodiques Non-bending 0 nominal manu(64) objet en panne zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 90 manu(64) objet en panne 80 60 adc(32) adc(32) 90 40 manas(16) manas(16) 100 Non-bending 0 nominal zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 0 nominal manu(64) objet en panne rapport B (%) manas(16) 100 rapport A (%) ->y Bending 40 10 0 nominal rapport A (%) 50 30 50 j6y0fSR1 70 20 60 6 80 30 50 86 ->y3078ez2-o1klua-h1 :d6578/^lue f 90 60 zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 Bending 40 60 oú ÷@ù 100 90 60 *6 c01 rapport B (%) rapport A (%) 100 s ú:ù Les deux plans cathodiques zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 10 manas(16) adc(32) objet en panne 0 nominal manas(16) adc(32) objet en panne kãÍ î íTÍÖkÇMÀ¯¯9¾0±Â/³J±¿#³¾ÑϱGµ ½>¬~°$̰³$Ñ4$³2ÂG¼¾¿# á ¿¿#`¯¿#»¼¯±G¾I´|Ð$¼Âϲ³R±\Ë ´¾³¼ÂG±G»²Â=¹J$¿M³T¾0ÑϱjÂG¾Â|À?¿kç½b¬;°\Ì0°³TÑ!³J¼H¾4¿@¬À¿Ã0¾0±²ÂÐTÑ4D±¾0»TÌ0M»³!´¿»¼ÂG± »³²º2»ÍQÓ]À?³¼¿#À¯kÀ±O²#_½T(½T±G¾0²Â¹ »³(¼G°$¿#´\²¾0³F¼G»¯¯T¿#°Ñ!³JÂÀ²#±_¼G»±j¿#$¼c´|ÐkÀ±Ã0¼ ¼OÂg$Ýs´\»°$(Å´|ÐkÀ?±GÃ0H¼»±z¿#À¯kÀ½`½H´|ÐkÀ±Ã0HÑ4Àp® ²#Ñ»TÑ ´¾0Ñ!¯±²#¼Gv³J± ï è $Âgñ0è ´=À?³kÀ» ®µ/Ó_·cÆ\Í ðî 2,t uvw x2 ÿ ry 0/4ln->y 90 80 86 3078ez2-o1'lua-h1 :d6578/lue f->y 6 j6y0fSR1 50 ú s 86 Bending 40 30 20 10 adc(32) Resolution Spatiale - σY (µm) zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 90 80 70 Non-bending 40 30 20 adc(32) 60 50 Bending 40 30 20 manas(16) adc(32) 80 70 60 manu(64) objet en panne zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 90 Non-bending 50 40 30 20 zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 90 80 70 Les deux plans cathodiques 40 30 20 10 0 nominal 0 nominal manu(64) objet en panne manas(16) adc(32) 100 Resolution Spatiale - σY (µm) manas(16) 100 Resolution Spatiale - σY (µm) 70 10 0 nominal 50 -©y vers 160 µm zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 100 10 60 80 j6y f¨R1 0 nominal manu(64) objet en panne Resolution Spatiale - σY (µm) manas(16) 100 50 90 6 10 0 nominal 60 86 c01 ¾-©y3 78e{z;-h1Ölua-h1 :d6578/^lue4f 100 zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 70 60 ÷@ù Resolution Spatiale - σY (µm) Resolution Spatiale - σY (µm) 100 ÷ 90 80 70 Les deux plans cathodiques manu(64) objet en panne zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 60 50 40 30 20 10 manas(16) adc(32) objet en panne 0 nominal manas(16) adc(32) objet en panne 9ãÍ îÎö ÍÖ¶³T仳´$½T(¿#À¯kÀ³³½>¬~»³ ù,µ]ÈÊ ¼G»±j¿#$¼c¯s$±Áy¾0±ÑiÀ?³´$¼M²³J±G²³¼GÒ$º2»¼j½>¬~»³½°\Ë ÂG´$ÂG»±Åy±G°¼¾0¿#» ²#¾³¼½c±´$¾0³¼ÂG±G»´\²¾0³½¼DÑ»¾³¼g¼G»±g¿@¬ÀήT^½cÐkÀ»TÂGc±G°$¼G¾0¿»T²¾0³QÆ À=Ì0$´_$Â^¼À³¼_ÅÃJÀ»T´|Ð]$ÂH½±G¾0²Â?¹I±¼¯s$´$²Ì0$Ñ4$³2Â|Æ^»³½¾0»Ï¿/¼°¿#$´$ÂG²#¾0³¼»±H¿#À(Ì?ÀpË ¿»±c½¿#À´|ÐÀ±GÃ0½»¯kÀ½FÑ4Àp® ²#Ñ»TÑ,Í ðï Recherche de paramètres caractéristiques µ á ³i½MÃ0»²½±¿À¼G»T±Ì0$²#¿¿À³´$j$Âv¿À¯±G²¼GM³i´$¾0Ñ!¯TÂM½/´$¼v¯kÀ³³$¼¹I½¼v´±²ÂÒ$±G$¼v¯9¾0±ÂÀ³JÂ^¼»± ½$¼`¯kÀ?±ÀÑ!Ò$ÂG±G¼(Ñ!¼G»T±ÀÏ¿¼($º2»²v¯T»²#¼¼G³JÂÁy¾»±G³²±»³!²#³½²´=À?ÂG²#¾0³¼»±`¿!³T²Ì0À»+½ÌI±À²àË ¼ÑÏ¿#À³´$(½T¿@¬;É®T²¼ÂG³´$½>¬~»³¯kÀ³³T¼¾0³JÂ/±´|Ð$±G´|а$¼Í>Ó/À³¼/¿#ÀÑ4$¼G»±¾¿#$¼½T°$ÁÀ²¿#¿À?³´$¼ ½°$´±²Â$¼c²#´$²b´¾³´$±G³$³2ÂM½$¼j¯kÀ³³$¼HÁy±À³T´|м$¹k»³FÑ4°$´=À³²¼GÑ!]½_¼»±Ì²#¿¿À³T´]°\Ì0°³TÑ!³JÂM¯kÀ± °\Ì0°³TÑ!³JÂc¼OÂH$³Ñ4$¼G»±/½½°$ÂG´\±^»³Ì¾0²#°¿´$ÂG±G¾0³T²#º2»M±G°¯9¾0³½À³JÂ^¾»pé¾0»±¼^»³MÌ?À¿#$»± ´$¾0³¼ÂÀ³JÂ?͸g³&½Tо0±¼`½4´$¼Â$¼ÂG¼`¼ÔI¼O°Ñ4À?ÂG²#º2»¼$¹o½b¬À» ±G$¼`¯kÀ?±ÀÑ!Ò$ÂG±G¼(¯9¾0»TÌ?À³JÂÀ¯¯9¾0±ÂG± ½$¼j²#³TÁy¾0±ÑiÀp²#¾³¼^»TÂG²#¿¼c¼G¾³2ÂMÉ®T¯T¿#¾0±°¼Í «dÀK¯±G$Ñ4²Ò± ½$¼Ã0±À?³½»T±G¼i°\»½T²#°$¼²#´$²j¼Â¿Àe´|ÐÀ±GÃ0,¼G»±i¿#¯kÀ½ º2»²z¯9¾0±O¿À´|ÐÀ±GÃ0Ñ4Àp® ²#Ñ»TÑþ½T¼´¿»¼ÂG±G¼$Íd·^¾0Ñ!Ñ4¾³K¯9» ¿#Ì0¾²#±]¼»±¿À á Ã0»T±GãÍ îSø ¹s¿À ½²¼ÂG±G²#ÏT»T²¾0³R½´$$ÂGÂGÃ0±À³T½»±É®TÐT²#Ï9»³!À»Ã0Ñ!³JÂÀ?²¾0³R½»K³¾0ÑÏT±G½´À¼¾¿À´|ÐkÀ±Ã0 Ñ4Àp® ²#Ñ»TÑ $¼Â±G¿#À?²Ì0$Ñ4$³2ÂÏÀ¼G¼ÍdʳÂ$¼Â(½!´$ÂÂÌ?À¿#$»±_¯9»T½¾0³´Áy¾0»T±G³²±_»³²#³½T²#´=ÀÎË ÂG²#¾0³¼G»±M¿¬~\® ²¼Â$³´½>¬~»³`½T°$ÁÀ²¿#¿À?³´?Ík¸g³R$Ýs$¹9¿#À á Ã0»±GãÍ î ð!Ñ!¾0³J±º2»?¹s¯9¾0»±j¾»TÂ$¼¿¼ ¯kÀ?³³¼$¹¿#±À¯T¯s¾0±OÂH$³2ÂG±G_¿/³¾0Ñ`ϱG]½b¬;°\Ì0°³TÑ!³J¼M¾ ¿À(´|ÐkÀ±Ã0_¼OÂj²#³TÁy°$±G²#$»±G/Ú ï è ´=À³kÀ?» ® µ/Ó_·ó$¿#!³¾0Ñ`ϱG½>¬~°$̰³$Ñ4$³2ÂG¼Â¾ÂÀ¿g¼À?³¼¼GÀ?»T±À?ÂG²#¾0³Å´|ÐkÀ?±GÃ0 ñ0è F´=À³kÀ?» ®eµ]Ó_·cÆÉ¹d$¼Â À¯T¯±G¾=® ²#Ñ4À?²Ì0$Ñ4$³2ÂH²#³½°$¯s$³½kÀ³J½¿ÀÂ|À?²#¿#¿/½$¼¯À½¼j¾ ,À!¿²#»´$$ÂÂ(¯kÀ³³4Åy½kÀ³¼M´|ÐkÀº2» ²ÑiÀùI¿#¼j´$¾0»±GÏ9¼j½$¼MÂG±G¾0²¼ ¾0³T¼j´¾0³T´¾0±½³JÂ/Ú4|è ô ¯T±GÒ¼Æ\Í Charge maximum Ê ³(À» ±G_ñÀ³½T»±c°\»½²°¼OÂM¿À¯±¾0¯s¾±Â²¾0³½¿À´|ÐÀ±GÃ0]ÂG¾Â|À?¿#_¯9±OË ½»T½kÀ³¼»³´¿»¼ÂG±½»RÁÀ²Â½¿À4¯À³³°\»½T²#°?Í>×d¾0»±]´$¿À ¹s¿#À4½°$Ã0±À½À?²¾0³ ½» ±G°¼²#½»¼»± ¿@¬Àp® H½THÐkÀ»TÂGc±G°$¼G¾0¿»T²¾0³¼OÂD¯s¾±Â°$H³Áy¾0³T´$²¾0³½^¿À/¯±¾0¯9¾0±ÂG²#¾0³½Tc¿À/´|ÐkÀ?±GÃ0^ÂG¾Â|À?¿#^¯9±½» ¯kÀ?±]´¿»¼ÂG±Í{·^$ÂGÂG½±³²#Ò$±GÃ0±GÀ³½$»±]¯9»T[ \±½° á ³T²#¯±°´²¼G°$Ñ4$³2Â$³´¾0Ñ!¯kÀ±GÀ³JÂ=¹b°\Ì0°$³\Ë Ñ!³JÂj¯kÀ±j°\Ì0°³TÑ!³JÂ=¹9¿#$¼M½T¾0³³°$¼M½¼M¼G²Ñ»¿Àp²#¾³¼^½(±G°\Áy°±³´$`À=Ì0$´´$¿¿#¼j½$¼¼²#Ñ»T¿À?ÂG²#¾0³¼ ½>¬~°¿°Ñ!³J¼j½°\ÁÀ²#¿¿À³JÂG¼ÍQ·^\ÂGÂÀ¯¯T±G¾I´|Я9±Ñ4\ÂM½½T°´$¿#$±»³$Ýs$¼ÔI¼O°Ñ4À?ÂG²#º2»(½kÀ³¼M´$±OË ÂÀ²#³¼(´=À?¼FÅ´$¾0Ñ4Ñ!iÑ!¾0³J±°i¼»±¿À á Ã0»±ãÍ ï JÆÉ¹oÑ4À²#¼(³¯9» ¯kÀ˼ $±»TÂG²#¿#²¼G°$¹t½kÀ³¼`´$ Áy¾0±Ñ4?¹T¼»±j½¼M½¾0³³T°¼M±G°$¿¿#¼$Í ×d¾0»±i´$¿#ÀT¹D»³ À» ±G,Ñ4¾SÔ³ ¯9¾0¼G¼²#Ï¿,½b¬;°\ÌÀ?¿#»kÀ?ÂG²#¾0³X½,¿ÀK´|ÐkÀ±Gà ¯9±G½T» ¯kÀ?±4´$¿#»¼O±4¯s$»T \±GÏkÀ¼°¼G»±/¿¬~»T²¿#²#¼GÀ?²¾0³½$¼]²#³TÁy¾±GÑ4À?²¾0³¼j½¼/½» ® ¯¿#À³¼ÍsÓ/´$$ÂÂ`ÁÀâ$¾0³>¹9³¼»¯¯9¾0¼À³J º2»?¹ ¿¾ ´À¿#$Ñ4$³2¹0¿¬~»³M½$¼^½$» ®!ÁÀ´$¼HÀ»!Ñ4¾²#³¼D³´¾0³J²³JÂv¯kÀ¼½/¯kÀ?³³¹2¿#À(¯±¾0¯9¾0±ÂG²#¾0³!½ ´|ÐkÀ?±GÃ0H¯9±½»c¯9»T $±c¼O²#Ñ!°^¯kÀ±z¿^±À?¯¯s¾±Â ¾ űG$¼G¯>Í Q Æd±G¯T±G°¼³J Q ¿#À ´|ÐkÀ±Ã0¾ÂÀ¿#4½» ´¿»¼ÂG±¼»±¿#¯T¿À³+¾ ´$´|ÐkÀ?±GÃ0$¼ÂÑ4Àp® ²#Ñ»Ñ Åy±G¼¯>ÍgÑ!²#³²Ñ»ÑiÆ\Í Ó]À?³¼_´´=À?¼_´¯9³T½kÀ³JÂ=¹t¿À4½²#¼¯s$±G¼G²¾0³½´¾±G±G°$¿À?ÂG²#¾0³ ½¿À´|ÐkÀ?±GÃ0Ñ!¼G»T±G°$³J±G¿¼_½$» ® ´À?ÂоI½$¼/¼OÂ_»³¼G¾0»T±G´`½>¬;²³´$±ÂG²Â»T½Íb·^$½²¼G¯9±¼G²#¾³ ¼OÂ_¯±°¼G$³J°½À³¼]¿#À á û±GãTÍ ï î ¹ ¾ 4²#¿9À¯¯À±À ºI»T/¿#$¼v¯T¿#»¼vÃ0±À³T½¼v´|ÐkÀ±Gü^´$¾0±G±¼¯s¾0³T½³JÂjÀ»I®i¯T¿#»¼Ã0±À?³½¼v½²#¼¯s$±G¼²#¾0³¼v½ Ñ!¼»±G³JÂG±G¿#$¼M½T» ®F¯T¿À³¼$Í «{i±°¼»¿ÂÀ?¼OÂÑ!¾0³J±G°4¼G»±`¿À á û±G4ãÍ ïï ¹o¾ ¿#i´$¾0Ñ!¯s¾0±OÂ$Ñ4$³2Â`¼ÔI¼ÂG°Ñ4À?²º2»½°$´±G²Â¯¿»¼ ÐkÀ?»TÂMÀ¯¯kÀ?±À ÂjÀ»¼¼G²Í Charge perdue Qmax −Qmin Qmax max min ð0ñ y2 pz{w|}mz~4z &08^- &z p ú ú Cú ôTÀ³¼j¯kÀ?³³ ú ú Charge du pad de charge maximum par cluster 220 hPeakCharge0 Entries 8338 Mean 712.9 RMS 834.7 Underflow 0 Overflow 0 Integral 8338 277.7 / 214 χ2 / ndf Prob 0.00219 Constant 1071 ± 18.58 MPV 235.5 ± 3.43 Sigma 123.4 ± 1.848 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 ×À?³³(¼G»±j»³ ù,µ]ÈMµ_ô 3500 4000 Charge (canaux ADC) Charge du pad de charge maximum par cluster hPeakCharge0 Entries 7483 Mean 635.4 RMS 793.6 Underflow 0 Overflow 0 Integral 7483 294.1 / 209 χ2 / ndf Prob 9.468e-05 Constant 1047 ± 18.7 MPV 160.9 ± 5.51 Sigma 119.3 ± 1.959 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 ×oÀ³³(¼G»T±M»T³µ/Ó_· 3000 3500 4000 Charge (canaux ADC) Charge du pad de charge maximum par cluster hPeakCharge0 Entries 6205 Mean 565.1 RMS 777.6 Underflow 0 Overflow 0 Integral 6205 2 534.2 / 201 χ / ndf Prob 0 Constant 1136 ± 61.45 MPV 12.52 ± 17.87 Sigma 111.4 ± 2.316 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Charge (canaux ADC) 9ãÍ îSø ÍÖTúÀ¿»±/½¿À´|ÐkÀ±Ã0½»¯kÀ½K¯9¾0±ÂÀ³JÂ_¿À´|ÐkÀ?±GÃ0Ñ4Àp® ²#Ñ»Ñü½»´$¿#»¼O±¯9¾0»±]½T²ÁË Áy°$±G³JÂG¼(¯kÀ³³$¼¼»±(»³´=À±OÂ4ù,µ/È/ÊÍo·^$¼(Ì?À¿»±¼_´¾0±±G¼¯s¾³½³JÂÀ»¯¿À³½ ÐkÀ?»T±G°$¼G¾0¿»T²¾0³>¹ ½kÀ³¼j¿¡À $¾0³½¯s\²¼c¯kÀ½T¼Í ðã gZ h i jB>f z fv (@mnp2 0 ^H Rapport A/B (%) h÷ Ó÷ ÷@ù :ùú ú:ù 100 ú ú Bú zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 90 80 70 60 50 Bending 40 30 20 10 Rapport A/B (%) 0 nominal manas(16) adc(32) 100 manu(64) objet en panne zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 90 80 70 60 50 Non-bending 40 30 20 10 Rapport A/B (%) 0 nominal manas(16) adc(32) 100 manu(64) objet en panne zone 1 zone 2 zone 3 90 80 70 60 50 Les deux plans cathodiques 40 30 20 10 0 nominal manas(16) adc(32) objet en panne kãÍ î ðTÍÖk×g±G¾0¯9¾0±O²#¾³³J±j¿#^³T¾0Ñϱcµ ½>¬~°$Ì0°$³Ñ!³JÂG¼v¾¿#À/´|ÐkÀ±Ã0¼g¼»±g¿#H¯À½¯s¾±Â|À?³2Âz¿À ´|ÐkÀ±Ã0]Ñ4Àp® ²#Ñ»TѼÂ^ÁÀ²#ϿŠï è(´=À³kÀ?» ®µ/Ó_·/¹²´² Æz\Âc¿#³¾0ÑϱÂG¾Â|À¿sç½>¬~°$̰\Ë ³$Ñ4$³2ÂG¼j¾ F´$´|ÐkÀ±Ã0³>¬~¼ÂM¯kÀ?¼c³¼À?ÂG»±À?ÂG²#¾0³KÅy´|ÐkÀ±Ã0 ñJè´=À³kÀ?» ®Fµ]Ó]·cÆ\Í Ó]À³T¼¿¼_´=À?¼(½b¬;»³T4¯kÀ?³³¼G»±¿¯¿À³Ï9³½T²#³Ã¹b¿#¼_ÂG±G¾0²¼_´¾0»±Ïs$¼±G¯T±G°¼³JÂ|À?³2 ¿#$¼¯kÀ³³$¼½T¼Â±G¾²#T¼ ¾³¼(¼G¾0³JÂ(¼G²Ñ4²¿À²±G$¼Íb·^´²D²Ñ4¯¿²#º2»ºI»T4¿±À¯¯9¾0±OµTç ´¾³¼G²½°±°($¼Âϲ#$³>¹½kÀ?³¼j´´=À¼$¹Q»³F²#³½²´=À?ÂG»±c½T»ÂÔI¯9(½b¬;°$¿#°Ñ!³JÂM³¯kÀ³T³Í ðJè Residu (cm) Residu en fonction de la proportion de charge perdue 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 hDeltaYvsDeltaQ Entries 2280 Mean x 68.98 Mean y -0.0453 RMS x 31.68 RMS y 0.2832 0 1 0 6 2261 0 0 12 0 Integral 2261 -0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Proportion de la charge totale perdue (%) 9ãÍ ï TÍÖQ·^¾0±±G°$¿À?ÂG²#¾0³$³J±G_¿/±°¼G²½»F¼G»±c¿@¬ÀήT/½]ÐkÀ» Â_±G°$¼G¾0¿»T²¾0³\Âj¿À`¯±¾0¯9¾0±ÂG²#¾0³4½_¿À ´|ÐkÀ?±GÃ0(¾ÂÀ¿#¯9±G½T»`½kÀ?³¼¿´$¿#»¼OÂ$±½»,ÁÀ²ÂM½>¬~»³½°$ÁÀ²¿#¿#À³´_½b¬;»³ù,µ]ÈÊ÷½ ¿#À ¾0³ñ½»¯¿À³½T(ÐÀ»T±°¼G¾¿#»TÂG²#¾0³>Í Charge sur le plan non bending 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Charge sur le plan bending 9ãÍ ï î ÍÖQ·^¾0±±G°$¿À?ÂG²#¾0³½4¿ÀF´|ÐkÀ±GÃ4$³2ÂG±G4¿#¼(½$» ®+¯T¿À³¼½4´=À?ÂGоI½4¯9¾0»±(¿ÀF¼G²Ñ»¿#À?²¾0³ ³¾Ñ4²³kÀ¿#żGÀ³¼M¯kÀ³³=ÆH½kÀ³¼j¿À $¾0³½Ñ!¾ÎÔ³¼M¯kÀ½T¼Í ð0í Residu (cm) Residu vs Estimation de la charge perdue 0.8 hDeltaYVsDeltaQ Entries 2314 Mean x 67.29 Mean y -0.04634 32.01 RMS x 0.2835 RMS y 0 1 0 0 2298 1 0 14 0 2298 Integral 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Ecart relatif des charges totale des deux plans (%) kãÍ ï0ï ÍÖQ·^¾0±±G°¿#À?²¾0³³J±v¿D±G°¼²#½»¼G»±d¿¬;Àp® D½ÐkÀ»TÂGv±°¼G¾¿#»TÂG²#¾0³($Âd¿Àj½²Ýb°$±G³T´³J±v¿¼ ´|ÐkÀ±Ã0¼M½$¼M½T» ®F¯T¿À³¼c½T(´À?ÂÐT¾ ½?¹½kÀ³T¼M¿_´=À¼c½b¬;»³T(½T°$ÁÀ²¿#¿À?³´]½b¬;»³,ù,µ/È/Ê ½¿¡À $¾0³(ñ½»,¯T¿À³F½ÐkÀ» ±G°$¼G¾0¿»T²¾0³>Í 4.6. Simulations des défaillances aux moyennes échelles 4.6.1. 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