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DESCRIPTION JP2013157996
Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating and acoustic device, and more particularly to
a heating and acoustic device using carbon nanotubes. A heating and acoustic device of the
present invention includes a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes, a
thermoacoustic element, a reflecting element, an insulating layer, a protection unit, and a power
amplifier. The plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes are disposed on
the surface of the thermoacoustic element facing the surface in contact with the insulating layer,
and each of the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes is provided. Are
electrically connected to the thermoacoustic element. [Selected figure] Figure 1
Heating and sound equipment
[0001]
The present invention relates to a heating and acoustic device, and more particularly to a heating
and acoustic device using carbon nanotubes.
[0002]
Conventionally, in order to heat the room, an electric heating device is installed on the wall or
ceiling of the room.
Generally, a Joule heating type electrical resistor or an electrical circuit capable of performing
electrical-thermal conversion using the electrical resistor is used for the electrical heating device.
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[0003]
Kaili Jiang, Qunqing Li, Shoushan Fan, "Spinning continuous carbon nanotube yarns", Nature, Vol.
419, p.８０１
[0004]
However, the conventional electric heating device is simply used as a heating device and has a
problem that it has a single application.
[0005]
The heating and acoustic device of the present invention includes a first electrode, a second
electrode, and a thermoacoustic element.
The first electrode and the second electrode are each electrically connected to the
thermoacoustic element at a predetermined distance from each other.
The thermoacoustic element includes a carbon nanotube structure and is fixed to a support body.
[0006]
The carbon nanotube structure includes a carbon nanotube film or a carbon nanotube wire
having a free standing structure.
[0007]
Compared with the prior art, the structure of the heating and acoustic device of the present
invention is simple, and miniaturization can be realized.
Moreover, since it can emit a sound simultaneously with heating by the heating and acoustic
device of the present invention, there is an excellent point of having multifunctionality. Further,
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in the present invention, since the large-sized heating / acoustic apparatus can be easily
manufactured, the large-sized heating target can be heated.
[0008]
It is a schematic diagram of the heating and acoustic apparatus in Example 1 of this invention. It
is sectional drawing of the heating and acoustic apparatus in Example 1 of this invention. It is a
SEM photograph of the carbon nanotube film of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram
of the carbon nanotube segment of this invention. FIG. 5 is a view showing a method of drawing
a carbon nanotube film from a super-aligned carbon nanotube array in the present invention. It is
a SEM photograph of the carbon nanotube wire of the present invention. It is a SEM photograph
of the twisted carbon nanotube wire of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the
heating and acoustic apparatus in Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the
heating and acoustic apparatus in Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the
heating and acoustic apparatus in Example 4 of this invention.
[0009]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the
drawings.
[0010]
Example 1 Referring to FIG. 1, the heating and acoustic device 100 of the present example is
fixed to a support body 110.
The support body 110 is the back side of a room such as a wall, ceiling, floor. The heating and
acoustic device 100 includes a first electrode 120, a second electrode 130, and a thermoacoustic
element 140. The first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130 are electrically connected to
the thermoacoustic element 140, respectively.
[0011]
The support body 110 has a flat surface 111. The flat surface 111 is provided with a plurality of
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blind holes 112. When the thermoacoustic element 140 of the heating and acoustic device 100 is
fixed to the flat surface 111, the blind hole 112 can increase the contact area between the
thermoacoustic element 140 and the surrounding air. Alternatively, a plurality of through holes
(not shown) may be formed in the plane 111. Thereby, the heat and the sound from the heating
and acoustic device 100 are diffused to the adjacent room.
[0012]
The first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130 are made of metal or indium tin oxide
(ITO). The first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130 are disposed at opposite ends of the
thermoacoustic element 140, respectively. Referring to FIG. 1, the thermoacoustic element 140
of the present embodiment is rectangular, and the first electrode 120 and the second electrode
130 are disposed at opposite ends along the long axis of the thermoacoustic element 140,
respectively. There is. The first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130 transfer an electrical
signal to the thermoacoustic element 140. The first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130
are disposed on the surface of the thermoacoustic element 140 opposite to the surface in contact
with the plane 111 at a predetermined distance. Alternatively, the first electrode 120 and the
second electrode 130 may be disposed between the thermoacoustic element 140 and the flat
surface 111 of the support body 110, and the thermoacoustic element 140 may be suspended.
Thereby, the thermoacoustic element 140 can be sufficiently brought into contact with the
surrounding air.
[0013]
The thermoacoustic element 140 includes a carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube
structure has a large specific surface area (eg, 100 m <2> / g or more). The heat capacity per unit
area of the carbon nanotube structure is 0 (not including 0) to 2 × 10 <-4> J / cm <2> · K, but
preferably 0 (not including 0). It is -1.7 * 10 <-6> J / cm <2> * K, and it is 1.7 * 10 <-6> J / cm
<2> * K in a present Example. A plurality of carbon nanotubes are uniformly dispersed in the
carbon nanotube structure. The plurality of carbon nanotubes are connected by intermolecular
force. In the carbon nanotube structure, the plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged in an
oriented manner or not oriented. The carbon nanotube structures are classified into two types of
non-oriented carbon nanotube structures and oriented carbon nanotube structures according to
the arrangement of the plurality of carbon nanotubes. In the non-oriented carbon nanotube
structure in this embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are arranged or entangled along different
directions. In the oriented carbon nanotube structure, the plurality of carbon nanotubes are
arranged along the same direction. Alternatively, in the oriented carbon nanotube structure,
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when the oriented carbon nanotube structure is divided into two or more regions, a plurality of
carbon nanotubes in each region are arranged along the same direction. In this case, the
alignment directions of carbon nanotubes in different regions are different. The carbon nanotube
is a single-walled carbon nanotube, a double-walled carbon nanotube, or a multi-walled carbon
nanotube. When the carbon nanotube is a single-walled carbon nanotube, the diameter is set to
0.5 nm to 50 nm, and when the carbon nanotube is a double-walled carbon nanotube, the
diameter is set to 1 nm to 50 nm, and the carbon nanotube is a multilayer carbon In the case of
nanotubes, the diameter is set to 1.5 nm to 50 nm.
[0014]
The carbon nanotube structure is formed in the shape of a free-standing thin film. Here, a selfsupporting structure is a form which can utilize the said carbon nanotube structure
independently, without using a support material. That is, it means that the carbon nanotube
structure can be suspended by supporting the carbon nanotube structure from opposite sides
without changing the structure of the carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure
is flat and has a thickness of 0.5 nm to 1 mm.
[0015]
Examples of the carbon nanotube structure of the present invention include the following (1) and
(2).
[0016]
(1) Drought Structure Carbon Nanotube Film The carbon nanotube structure includes at least one
carbon nanotube film 143a shown in FIG.
The carbon nanotube film is a drawn carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotube film 143a is
obtained by drawing from a super-aligned carbon nanotube array (see Non-Patent Document 1).
The single carbon nanotube film 143a includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes whose
longitudinal ends are connected to each other by intermolecular force (see FIG. 5). In the single
carbon nanotube film, a plurality of carbon nanotubes are parallel to the surface of the carbon
nanotube film, and the plurality of carbon nanotubes are connected end to end along the same
direction. Here, a very small number of carbon nanotubes are randomly arranged. The carbon
nanotube film 143a can be formed into a net-like structure by connecting adjacent parallel
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carbon nanotubes from the very small number of carbon nanotubes. However, as shown in FIG.
3, the extremely small amount of carbon nanotubes does not affect the structure of the carbon
nanotube film 143a. The carbon nanotube film 143a has a width of 100 μm to 10 cm and a
thickness of 0.5 nm to 100 μm.
[0017]
The carbon nanotube structure may include a plurality of stacked carbon nanotube films. In this
case, the adjacent carbon nanotube films are bonded by an intermolecular force. The carbon
nanotubes in the adjacent carbon nanotube film cross each other at an angle of 0 ° to 90 °.
When the carbon nanotubes in the adjacent carbon nanotube film intersect at an angle of 0 ° or
more, a plurality of micro holes are formed in the carbon nanotube structure. Alternatively, the
plurality of carbon nanotube films may be juxtaposed without gaps.
[0018]
The method of manufacturing the carbon nanotube film includes the following steps.
[0019]
The first step provides a carbon nanotube array.
The carbon nanotube array is a super aligned carbon nanotube array (see Super Aligned Array of
Carbon Nanotubes, Non-Patent Document 1), and a method of manufacturing the super aligned
carbon nanotube array employs a chemical vapor deposition method. The manufacturing method
includes the following steps. In step (a), a flat base is provided, and the base is any one of a Ptype silicon base, an N-type silicon base and a silicon base on which an oxide layer is formed. In
the present example it is preferred to choose a 4 inch silicon base. In step (b), a catalyst layer is
uniformly formed on the surface of the base. The material of the catalyst layer is any one of iron,
cobalt, nickel and alloys of two or more thereof. In step (c), the base on which the catalyst layer is
formed is annealed in air at 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. for 30 minutes to 90 minutes. In step (d), the
annealed base is placed in a reactor and heated with a protective gas at a temperature of 500 °
C. to 740 ° C., and then a gas containing carbon is introduced to react for 5 minutes to 30
minutes It can be done to grow Superaligned array of carbon nanotubes (Non-patent Document
1). The height of the carbon nanotube array is 100 micrometers or more. The carbon nanotube
array comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes parallel to one another and growing
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perpendicularly to the base. The carbon nanotubes are partially intertwined with one another
because of their long length. By controlling the growth conditions, the carbon nanotube array is
free of impurities such as, for example, amorphous carbon and metal particles as remaining
catalyst.
[0020]
In the present embodiment, as the gas containing carbon, for example, activated hydrocarbons
such as acetylene, ethylene, methane and the like are selected, and ethylene is preferably
selected. The protective gas is an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, and in particular, argon gas is
preferable.
[0021]
The carbon nanotube array provided by the present example is not limited to the production
method described above, and may be produced by an arc discharge method or a laser
evaporation method.
[0022]
In the second step, at least one carbon nanotube film is drawn from the carbon nanotube array.
First, it has a plurality of carbon nanotube ends using tools such as tweezers. For example, a tape
having a certain width is used to have the ends of a plurality of carbon nanotubes. Next, the
plurality of carbon nanotubes are drawn at a predetermined speed to form a continuous carbon
nanotube film composed of a plurality of carbon nanotube segments.
[0023]
In the step of drawing the plurality of carbon nanotubes, when the plurality of carbon nanotubes
are respectively detached from the base, the carbon nanotube segments are joined end to end by
an intermolecular force to form a continuous carbon nanotube film ( See Figure 5). Referring to
FIGS. 3 and 4, the single carbon nanotube film 143a includes a plurality of carbon nanotube
segments 143b. The plurality of carbon nanotube segments 143b are connected end to end by
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intermolecular force along the length direction. Each carbon nanotube segment 143b includes a
plurality of carbon nanotubes 145 connected by intermolecular force in parallel to each other.
The lengths of the plurality of carbon nanotubes 145 are the same in the single carbon nanotube
segment 143b. Toughness and mechanical strength of the carbon nanotube film 143a can be
enhanced by immersing the carbon nanotube film 143a in an organic solvent. Since the heat
capacity per unit volume of the carbon nanotube film immersed in the organic solvent is reduced,
the thermoacoustic effect can be enhanced.
[0024]
(2) Carbon Nanotube Wire The carbon nanotube structure includes at least one carbon nanotube
wire. The heat capacity of one carbon nanotube wire is 0 (not 0 included) to 2 × 10 <-4> J / cm
<2> · K, 5 × 10 <-5> J / cm <2> -It is preferable that it is K. The diameter of one carbon nanotube
wire is 4.5 nm to 1 cm. Referring to FIG. 6, the carbon nanotube wire comprises a plurality of
carbon nanotubes connected by intermolecular force. In this case, one carbon nanotube wire
(non-twisted carbon nanotube wire) includes a plurality of carbon nanotube segments (not
shown) connected end to end. The carbon nanotube segments have the same length and width.
Furthermore, a plurality of carbon nanotubes of the same length are arranged in parallel to each
of the carbon nanotube segments. The plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged parallel to the
central axis of the carbon nanotube wire. In this case, the diameter of one carbon nanotube wire
is 1 μm to 1 cm. Referring to FIG. 7, the carbon nanotube wire may be twisted to form a twisted
carbon nanotube wire. Here, the plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged in a spiral shape
with the central axis of the carbon nanotube wire as an axis. In this case, the diameter of one
carbon nanotube wire is 1 μm to 1 cm. The carbon nanotube structure may be formed of any
one of the non-twisted carbon nanotube wire, the twisted carbon nanotube wire, or a
combination thereof.
[0025]
The method of forming the carbon nanotube wire utilizes a carbon nanotube film drawn from a
carbon nanotube array. There are the following three methods for forming the carbon nanotube
wire. In the first type, the carbon nanotube film is cut at a predetermined width along the
longitudinal direction of the carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube film to form a carbon
nanotube wire. In the second type, the carbon nanotube film may be immersed in an organic
solvent to shrink the carbon nanotube film to form a carbon nanotube wire. In the third type, the
carbon nanotube film is machined (for example, a spinning process) to form a twisted carbon
nanotube wire. Specifically, first, the carbon nanotube film is fixed to a spinning device. Next, the
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spinning device is operated to rotate the carbon nanotube film to form a twisted carbon
nanotube wire.
[0026]
When the carbon nanotube structure includes a plurality of carbon nanotube wires, the plurality
of carbon nanotube wires may be parallelly juxtaposed, crosswise woven, or twisted.
[0027]
In order to enhance mechanical strength and toughness of the carbon nanotube structure, two or
more carbon nanotube films may be laminated to form the carbon nanotube structure.
However, if the carbon nanotube structure is too thick, its specific surface area decreases, and its
heat capacity increases. On the other hand, if the carbon nanotube structure is too thin, its
toughness decreases and its service life becomes short. Accordingly, the thickness of the carbon
nanotube structure is preferably set to 0.5 nm to 1 mm. In the present embodiment, the carbon
nanotube structure is formed by laminating four sheets of the carbon nanotube films, and the
thickness thereof is 40 nm to 100 μm. The carbon nanotubes in the adjacent carbon nanotube
film are arranged in parallel.
[0028]
Referring to FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, the thermoacoustic element 140 is installed on
the flat surface 111 of the support body 110 so as to cover the plurality of blind holes 112. The
first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130 are disposed on the surface of the
thermoacoustic element 140 opposite to the surface in contact with the plane 111 at a
predetermined distance. Since the thermoacoustic element 140 has the carbon nanotube
structure, it has adhesiveness and is directly adhered to the plane 111 of the support body 110.
The plurality of carbon nanotubes included in the thermoacoustic element 140 are arranged in
parallel in the direction from the first electrode 120 to the second electrode 130.
[0029]
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When a signal device (not shown) transmits an electrical signal to the heating and acoustic device
100, the electrical signal is transferred to the thermoacoustic element 140 by the first electrode
120 and the second electrode 130. The thermoacoustic element 140 includes the carbon
nanotube structure, and the heat capacity per unit area is small. Therefore, the heat generated by
the electric signal is quickly released, and the surrounding air can be heated in a short time. At
the same time, due to the diffusion of the temperature wave generated by the thermoacoustic
element 140, the surrounding air can be thermally expanded to generate a sound.
[0030]
Example 2 Referring to FIG. 8, the heating / acoustic apparatus 200 of this example of the
present example includes a plurality of first electrodes 220, a plurality of second electrodes 230,
a thermoacoustic element 240, and a reflecting element. 250, an insulating layer 260, a
protection unit 270, and a power amplifier 280. The heating and acoustic device 200 is fixed to
the support body 210. A space 211 is formed in the support body 210. The power amplifier 280
is installed in the space 211.
[0031]
The reflective element 250, the insulating layer 260 and the thermoacoustic element 240 are
sequentially disposed on one surface of the support body 210. The plurality of first electrodes
220 and the plurality of second electrodes 230 are disposed on the surface of the
thermoacoustic element 240 facing the surface in contact with the insulating layer 260. The
plurality of first electrodes 220 and the plurality of second electrodes 230 are electrically
connected to the thermoacoustic element 240, respectively.
[0032]
By placing the reflective element 250 between the support body 210 and the thermoacoustic
element 240, the heat generated by the thermoacoustic element 240 is reflected by the reflective
element 250 in a direction away from the support body 210. Can. Therefore, the support main
body 210 can reduce the absorption of the heat generated by the thermoacoustic element 240.
The reflective element 250 may be formed in a flat plate shape, or may be formed by applying a
reflective material to the support body 210. The reflective element 250 is made of a material
such as chromium, titanium, zinc, gold, silver, Zn-Al alloy, glass powder, or polymer particles.
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Furthermore, the reflective element 250 can reflect the sound wave generated by the
thermoacoustic element 240. As a result, the sound generation efficiency of the thermoacoustic
element 240 is enhanced.
[0033]
The insulating layer 260 is disposed between the reflective element 250 and the thermoacoustic
element 240. The insulating layer 260 is bonded to the surface of the reflective element 250
near the thermoacoustic element 240. The insulating layer 260 is made of heat resistant material
such as glass, treated wood, stone, ceramic, concrete, polyimide (PI), polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A plurality of through holes 262 are formed in the
insulating layer 260. By forming the through holes 262, the contact area between the insulating
layer 260 and the thermoacoustic element 240 can be reduced, and at the same time, the contact
area between the thermoacoustic element 240 and air can be increased.
[0034]
The thermoacoustic element 240 is disposed on the surface of the insulating layer 260 facing the
surface adjacent to the reflective element 250. The thermoacoustic element 240 is the same as
the thermoacoustic element 140 of the first embodiment. The plurality of first electrodes 220
and the plurality of second electrodes 230 are provided at equal intervals on the surface of the
thermoacoustic element 240 facing the surface adjacent to the insulating layer 260 with a
predetermined distance therebetween. ing. The plurality of first electrodes 220 are arranged in
parallel to one another, and the plurality of second electrodes 230 are arranged in parallel to one
another. The plurality of first electrodes 220 and the plurality of second electrodes 230 are
alternately arranged to divide the thermoacoustic element 240 into a plurality of regions. That is,
each of the regions is formed between one first electrode 220 and a second electrode 230
adjacent to the first electrode 220. By forming the plurality of regions, the electrical resistance of
the thermoacoustic element 240 can be reduced.
[0035]
The protective part 270 is made of metal, glass, treated wood, or a heat resistant material such as
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The protective portion 270 is a net-like structure having a
plurality of holes 271. The protective unit 270 may cover the first electrode 220 and the second
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electrode 230, the thermoacoustic element 240, the reflective element 250, and the insulating
layer 260 at a predetermined distance from the first electrode 220 and the second electrode
230. It is assembled to the support body 210 so as to be separated. By installing the protective
portion 270, the first electrode 220, the second electrode 230, the thermoacoustic element 240
and the like can be prevented from being damaged by external force. The plurality of holes 271
formed in the protective portion 270 can effectively transfer the heat and sound generated from
the thermoacoustic element 240.
[0036]
The power amplifier 280 is electrically connected to a signal output device (not shown). The
power amplifier 280 includes a first output end 282, a second output end 284 and an input end
(not shown). The input end is electrically connected to the signal output device. The first output
end 282 is electrically connected to the first electrode 220, and the second output end 284 is
electrically connected to the second electrode 230. The power amplifier 280 amplifies the signal
from the signal output device and transfers the amplified signal to the thermoacoustic element
240.
[0037]
Example 3 Referring to FIG. 9, the heating and acoustic device 300 of the present example of the
present embodiment includes a first electrode 320, a second electrode 330, and a
thermoacoustic element 340. The heating / acoustic apparatus 300 of the present embodiment is
different from the first embodiment in the following points. That is, the thermoacoustic element
340 is tubular. The thermoacoustic element 340 is disposed on the outer surface of the support
body 310 so as to wrap the cylindrical support body 310. The first electrode 320 and the second
electrode 330 are linear, and are arranged along the central axis of the cylindrical support body
310. Preferably, the first electrode 320 and the second electrode 330 are arranged in parallel.
[0038]
Example 4 Referring to FIG. 10, the heating / acoustic apparatus of the present example of the
present example has the following differences as compared with Example 1. In the present
embodiment, the first electrode 120 a and the second electrode 130 a are disposed on the
support body 110 at a predetermined distance apart. The thermoacoustic element 140 is
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adhered to the side surface of the first electrode 120 a and the second electrode 130 a
perpendicular to the plane 111 by an adhesive. Thus, the thermoacoustic element 140 is
suspended so as to face the plane 111 of the support main body 110.
[0039]
When the heating and acoustic device of the present invention is activated, the electrical signal
from the signal device is transferred from the signal input end of the heating and acoustic device
to the thermoacoustic element. At this time, the thermoacoustic element can simultaneously
generate heat and sound. Therefore, the heating / sound device can heat the air in the room and
at the same time allow people in the room to hear sounds such as music.
[0040]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 heating and acoustic device 110 support main body 111 plane
112 blind hole 120 first electrode 130 second electrode 140 thermoacoustic element 143a
carbon nanotube film 143b carbon nanotube segment 200 heating and acoustic device 210
support main body 211 flat surface 220 first electrode 230 second Electrode 240
Thermoacoustic element 250 Reflective element 260 Insulating layer 270 Protective portion 280
Power amplifier 282 First output end portion 284 Second output end portion 300 Heating and
acoustic device 310 Support main body 311 Plane 312 Blind hole 320 First electrode 330
Second electrode 340 thermoacoustic element
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JP2009268108

JP2010004537

JP2009296593

JP2010004535

JP2009296591

JP2011078094

JP2012209920

JP2012209923

JP2011035903

JP2013240107

JP2014103654

JP2014103649

1230885

1226573